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      A comparison of the psychometric strengths of the public-domain Zung Self-rating Depression Scale with the proprietary Beck Depression Inventory-II in Barbados Translated title: Comparación de las fortalezas psicométricas de la Escala de Zung para la Autoevaluación de la Depresión (SDS) - de dominio público - con el Inventario de Depresión de Beck II - de código cerrado - en Barbados

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychometric strengths of two venerable measures of depression, the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in a Caribbean university student population and to provide researchers and clinicians interested in measures of depression with psychometric evidence that differentiates the two instruments for a Caribbean sample. METHODS: Undergraduate student volunteers (n = 415; 75% females, 25% males; mean age = 25.2 years) completed the instruments as part of a larger study. Correlational analyses evaluated internal consistency reliabilities. Missing value analyses and corrected item-total correlations are also reported for each scale. RESULTS: The BDI-II demonstrated marginally superior internal consistency reliability (α = 0.88) than the Zung SDS (α = 0.85). Correlation between the Zung SDS and the BDI-II was strong (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). The Zung SDS was less psychometrically adequate, only 53% of respondents (compared to 81% for the BDI-II) completed the entire form, suggesting that the structure or wording of the questions may be problematic. Comparison of corrected item-total correlations and missing value analyses indicates that many Zung SDS items are problematic. A preliminary effort to evaluate the factor structure of the Zung SDS was complicated by the large number of missing values. CONCLUSION: Head-to-head comparison of the Zung SDS and the BDI-II indicates that the BDI-II demonstrates superior psychometric properties. This paper does not evaluate sensitivity and specificity; nonetheless, researchers interested in measures of depressive symptoms and clinicians looking for a tool to assess depression in Barbados can be confident in the strong psychometric properties of the BDI-II demonstrated thus far. Modified versions of the Zung SDS merit further research.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Comparar la fortaleza psicométrica de dos instrumentos de medición de la depresión altamente apreciados: la Escala de Zung para la autoevaluación de la depresión (Zung SDS) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck II (BDI-II), en una población de estudiantes universitarios del Caribe, y proporcionar a los investigadores y clínicos interesados en la medición de la depresión, evidencias psicométricas que diferencian los dos instrumentos en una muestra caribeña. MÉTODOS: Estudiantes voluntarios de pregrado (n = 415; 75% hembras, 25% varones; edad promedio = 25.2) completaron los instrumentos como parte de un estudio mayor. Los análisis correlacionales evaluaron las confiabilidades de la consistencia interna. También se reportan el análisis de valores perdidos y las correlaciones ítem-total corregidas, para cada escala. RESULTADOS: El BDI-II demostró una confiabilidad de consistencia interna marginalmente superior (α = 0.88) a la de la Escala de Zung SDS (α = 0.85). La correlación entre la Escala de Zung SDS y el Inventario BDI-II fue alta (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). La Escala de Zung SDS fue menos adecuada psicométricamente; sólo el 53% de los encuestados (en comparación con el 81% para el BDI-II) respondieron el cuestionario totalmente, lo cual sugiere que la estructura o la formulación de las preguntas podrían haber sido problemáticas. La comparación de las correlaciones ítem-total corregidas y los análisis de valores perdidos indican que muchos ítems en la Escala de Zung SDS son problemáticos. Un esfuerzo preliminar por evaluar la estructura factorial de la Escala de Zung SDS, se complicó por el gran número de valores perdidos. CONCLUSIÓN: La comparación estrecha de la Escala Zung SDS con el BDI-II indica que este último posee propiedades psicométricas superiores. El presente trabajo no evalúa ni la sensibilidad ni la especificidad. No obstante, los investigadores interesados en las medidas de síntomas depresivos y los clínicos que buscan una herramienta para evaluar la depresión en Barbados, pueden estar seguros de la fortaleza de las propiedades psicométricas demostradas por el Inventario BDI-II hasta el momento. Las versiones modificadas de la Escala de Zung SDS merecen ulterior investigación.

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          Self-reported distress: analog or Ersatz depression?

          Vredenburg, Flett, and Krames's (1993) conclusion that self-reported distress in college students is an appropriate analog for diagnosable depression is examined in light of a broader literature. Self-reported distress is conceptually and empirically distinct from depression and depressive symptoms. Distress has stronger correlates with common psychological and social factors. Distress in college students tends to be mild and transient, and most distressed college students are not depressed. Some other features of college life also make generalizations to clinical and community samples of adults problematic. Overall, ubiquitous misunderstandings in the literature have limited recognition of the pitfalls of studying distress as an analog for diagnosable depression. It is undesirable for reasons of science, social responsibility, and the credibility of psychological models of depression.
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            Occupational mental health: a study of work-related depression among nurses in the Caribbean.

            This study addresses issues of occupational mental health among nurses in the Caribbean. A linear model linking role, work and social factors, stress, burnout, depression, absenteeism and turnover intention guides the research. Data were collected from 119 nurses working for major hospitals located in St. Vincent and Trinidad & Tobago using a field survey. Psychometrically sound instruments with proven cross-cultural validity were utilized in the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated fairly strong support for the proposed model which is tested for the first time among a Caribbean population. Role conflict, role overload and social support predicted stress, which along with social support predicted burnout. Burnout was the sole predictor of depression which in turn predicted both absenteeism and turnover intention. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
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              Maternal depressive symptoms affect infant cognitive development in Barbados.

              This longitudinal study is part of a series examining the relationships between maternal mood, feeding practices, and infant growth and development during the first 6 months of life in 226 well-nourished mother-infant dyads in Barbados. In this report, we assessed maternal moods (General Adjustment and Morale Scale and Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales), feeding practices (scales describing breast-feeding and other practices associated with infant feeding in this setting), and infant cognitive development (Griffiths Mental Development Scales). Multivariate analyses, with and without controlling for background variables, established significant relationships between maternal moods and infant cognitive development. Infants of mothers with mild moderate depression had lower Griffiths scores than infants of mothers without depression. Maternal depressive symptoms and lack of trust at 7 weeks predicted lower infant social and performance scores at 3 months. Maternal moods at 6 months were associated with lower scores in motor development at the same age. Although no independent relationships emerged between feeding practices and infant cognitive development, the combination of diminished infant feeding intensity and maternal depression predicted delays in infant social development. These findings demonstrate the need to carefully monitor maternal moods during the postpartum period, in order to maximize the benefits of breast-feeding and related health programs to infant cognitive development.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                wimj
                West Indian Medical Journal
                West Indian med. j.
                The University of the West Indies (Mona, , Jamaica )
                0043-3144
                2309-5830
                August 2012
                : 61
                : 5
                : 483-488
                Affiliations
                [03] Sarasota Florida orgnameNew College of Florida USA
                [01] Bridgetown orgnameThe University of the West Indies orgdiv1Faculty of Medical Sciences orgdiv2Queen Elizabeth Hospital Barbados
                [02] Cave Hill orgnameThe University of the West Indies orgdiv1Faculty of Humanities and Education Barbados
                Article
                S0043-31442012000500003
                888b8347-4d52-4e77-8622-c19cafd07b07

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 6
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                SciELO West Indians

                Categories
                Original Articles

                psychometrics,university students,depression,depresión,psicométricas,estudiantes universitarios,Caribbean,Caribeño

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