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      A Haspin Promoter Element Induces Tissue-Specific Methylation of A Transcription Region, and Gene Expression in Superovulated Mouse Ova

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      Author(s): , Ph.D. 1 , * , , Ph.D 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cell Journal (Yakhteh)
      Publisher: Royan Institute
      Keywords: Embryo, Haspin, Inner Cell Mass, Germ Cell, Oocyte

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          Abstract

          HASPIN is a nuclear serine-threonine kinase originally identified in the mouse testis. Its 193 bp DNA promoter element (hereafter, 193PE) regulates bidirectional, synchronous gene expression in the germ cells of male mice. Recent studies have shown that Haspin is also expressed in trace amounts in somatic cells; HASPIN also functions in oocytes. Haspin expression is regulated by the tissue-specific methylation of Haspin genomic DNA regions, including somatic cells. This study investigated relationship between 193PE and DNA methylation by examining methylation status of transgenic mice carrying 193PE and a reporter gene. In somatic (liver) cells carrying the reporter gene, 193PE induced methylation as well as trace expression of the reporter gene. In the testis, 193PE induced hypomethylation and intense reporter gene expression. Expression of HASPIN in an egg was assessed using human chorionic gonadotrophin to induce ovulation in female transgenic mice. The results showed that 193PE induced tissue-specific methylation, which resulted in reporter gene expression in a mouse egg.

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          The kinase haspin is required for mitotic histone H3 Thr 3 phosphorylation and normal metaphase chromosome alignment.

          Jun Dai, Sammy Sultan, Stephen Taylor … (2005)
          Post-translational modifications of conserved N-terminal tail residues in histones regulate many aspects of chromosome activity. Thr 3 of histone H3 is highly conserved, but the significance of its phosphorylation is unclear, and the identity of the corresponding kinase unknown. Immunostaining with phospho-specific antibodies in mammalian cells reveals mitotic phosphorylation of H3 Thr 3 in prophase and its dephosphorylation during anaphase. Furthermore we find that haspin, a member of a distinctive group of protein kinases present in diverse eukaryotes, phosphorylates H3 at Thr 3 in vitro. Importantly, depletion of haspin by RNA interference reveals that this kinase is required for H3 Thr 3 phosphorylation in mitotic cells. In addition to its chromosomal association, haspin is found at the centrosomes and spindle during mitosis. Haspin RNA interference causes misalignment of metaphase chromosomes, and overexpression delays progression through early mitosis. This work reveals a new kinase involved in composing the histone code and adds haspin to the select group of kinases that integrate regulation of chromosome and spindle function during mitosis and meiosis.
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            In vitro murine spermatogenesis in an organ culture system.

            Yasuyuki Araki, Takehiko Ogawa, Yoshinobu Kubota … (2010)
            Achieving mammalian spermatogenesis in vitro has a long history of research but remains elusive. The organ culture method has advantages over the cell culture method, because germ cells are in situ albeit the tissue as a whole is in vitro. The method was used in the 1960s and 1970s but encountered difficulties in inducing complete meiosis, i.e., in getting meiosis to proceed beyond the pachytene stage. In the present study, we reevaluated the organ culture method using two lines of transgenic mice, Acr-GFP and Gsg2 (haspin)-GFP mice, whose germ cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the mid and end stages of meiosis onward, respectively. Immature testicular tissues from these mice, ranging from 4.5 to 14.5 days postpartum, were cultured on the surface of the medium, providing a liquid-gas interface. Culturing testicular tissues of all ages tested resulted in the expression of both Acr- and Gsg2-GFP. Round spermatids were identified by a combination of Gsg2-GFP expression, cell size, and the presence of a single nucleus with a dot stained by Hoechst. In addition, the chromosome number of one of such presumptive spermatids was found to be 20 by the premature chromosome condensation method. As our semiquantitative assay system using GFP expression grading was useful for monitoring the effects of different environmental factors, including temperature, oxygen concentration, and antiretinoic molecules, further improvement of the culture conditions should be possible in the future.
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              The translational regulation of maternal mRNA s in time and space

              Cecilia Winata, Vladimir Korzh (2018)
              Since their discovery, the study of maternal mRNAs has led to the identification of mechanisms underlying their spatiotemporal regulation within the context of oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Following synthesis in the oocyte, maternal mRNAs are translationally silenced and sequestered into storage in cytoplasmic granules. At the same time, their unique distribution patterns throughout the oocyte and embryo are tightly controlled and connected to their functions in downstream embryonic processes. At certain points in oogenesis and early embryogenesis, maternal mRNAs are translationally activated to perform their functions in a timely manner. The cytoplasmic polyadenylation machinery is responsible for the translational activation of maternal mRNAs, and its role in initiating the maternal to zygotic transition events has recently come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on maternal mRNA regulation, with particular focus on cytoplasmic polyadenylation as a mechanism for translational regulation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cell J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cell J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Royan Institute
                Title: Cell Journal (Yakhteh)
                Publisher: Royan Institute
                ISSN (Print): 2228-5806
                ISSN (Electronic): 2228-5814
                Publication date (Print): September 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 September 2022
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 552-554
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Labaratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
                [2 ] Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shin-machi, Hirakata City, Osaka, Japan
                Author notes
                *Corresponding Addresses: Labaratory of Molecular Biology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagasaki International University Huis Ten Bosch Sasebo Nagasaki Japan Email: h-tanaka@ 123456niu.ac.jp
                Article
                Other ID: Cell-J-24-552
                DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8444
                PMC ID: 9594865
                PubMed ID: 36274209
                SO-VID: 89827820-bd7a-4cc8-b4af-ca7fad9ba13b
                Copyright © Any use, distribution, reproduction or abstract of this publication in any medium, with the exception of commercial purposes, is permitted provided the original work is properly cited.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 January 2022
                Date accepted : 18 April 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication
                Subject: Genetics
                Subject: Cellular and Molecular Biology
                Custom metadata
                Citation Tanaka H, Tokuhiro K. A Haspin promoter element induces tissue-specific methylation of a transcription region, and gene expression in superovulated mouse ova. Cell J. 2022; 24(9): 552-554. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8444. This open-access article has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0).

                Keywords: embryo,haspin,inner cell mass,germ cell,oocyte
                Data availability:
                Keywords: embryo, haspin, inner cell mass, germ cell, oocyte

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