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      Morbimortalidad de recién nacidos con menos de 1500 gramos asistidos en hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires Translated title: Mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight newborn infants assisted in Buenos Aires public hospitals

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      Archivos argentinos de pediatría
      Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría
      Neonatal morbidity, Neonatal mortality, Very low birth weight newborn, Risk-adjusted mortality, Morbilidad neonatal, Mortalidad neonatal, Recién nacido de muy bajo peso, Mortalidad ajustada por riesgo

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          Abstract

          Introducción. La red neonatal de los hospitales públicos porteños desarrolla una estrecha vigilancia de la evolución de los neonatos con menos de 1500 g (RNMBPN), pues contribuyen en gran medida a la morbimortalidad neonatal. Objetivo. Analizar la morbimortalidad de los RNMBPN y determinar la mortalidad ajustada por riesgo utilizando el puntaje de la Red Neonatal de los países del cono sur de América (NEOCOSUR). Material y métodos. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos vivos en hospitales de la red con peso de 500-1500 g desde 2008 a 2010. Los datos se registraron prospectivamente con metodología estandarizada. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad, morbilidad y la mortalidad ajustada por riesgo según puntaje de NEOCOSUR. Resultados. En el período del estudio nacieron 92 698 niños de los cuales 1,26% pesó menos de 1500 g. Sólo 40,4% recibió corticoides antenatales completos. Un 62,7% desarrolló síndrome de difcultad respiratoria, 5,4% enterocolitis, 10,1% hemorragia endocraneana y 13,4% retinopatía grave. La sepsis precoz fue del 5,6%, la tardía de 9,6%. Un 10,7% presentó displasia broncopulmonar. La mortalidad neonatal fue del 29,2% y la ajustada sin malformados graves, 25,4%. La supervivencia de niños con peso =750 g y edad gestacional =26 semanas fue de 50%. El cociente mortalidad observada/esperada fue de 1,04, con gran variabilidad. Conclusiones. El porcentaje de RNMBP que recibió corticoides antenatales es bajo. La incidencia de sepsis y la proporción de niños con ROP grave son elevadas. La mortalidad ajustada por riesgo es superior a la esperada.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. The Neonatal Network of Public Hospitals in the city of Buenos Aires closely monitors the progress of newborn infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g (very low birth weight, VLBW) because it largely contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective. To analyze the morbidity and mortality of VLBW infants and determine their riskadjusted mortality using the score of the South American Neonatal Network (Red Neonatal de los países del Conosur de América, NEOCOSUR). Material and Methods. Live infants born in the network hospitals with a birth weight of 500-1499 g between 2008 and 2010 were included in the study. Data was recorded prospectively using a standardized methodology. Mortality, morbidity and risk-adjusted mortality rates according to the NEOCOSUR score were estimated. Results. There were 92,698 infants born during the study period. Of them, 1.26% weighed less than 1500 g at birth. Only 40.4% of these received a full course of antenatal corticosteroids. A total of 62.7% of these developed respiratory distress syndrome, 5.4% enterocolitis, 10.1% intracranial hemorrhage, and 13.4% severe retinopathy. Early sepsis was observed in 5.6%, and late sepsis in 9.6%. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was present in 10.7% of the cases. Neonatal mortality was 29.2%, and the adjusted mortality with no major malformations was 25.4%. Survival of infants with a birth weight of =750 g and a gestational age of =26 weeks was 50%. The observed/expected mortality ratio was 1.04, with a large variability. Conclusions. The percentage of VLBW infants who received antenatal corticosteroids was low. The incidence of sepsis and the rate of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity are high. The risk-adjusted mortality is higher than expected.

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          Most cited references28

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          Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Treatment Based on Staging Criteria

          Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is the most important cause of acquired gastrointestinal morbidity or mortality among low birthweight infants. Prematurity alone is probably the only identifiable risk factor. Although the etiology is unknown NEC has many similarities to an infectious disease. Proper staging helps improve reporting and the management of NEC.
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            Perinatal regionalization for very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants: a meta-analysis.

            For more than 30 years, guidelines for perinatal regionalization have recommended that very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants be born at highly specialized hospitals, most commonly designated as level III hospitals. Despite these recommendations, some regions continue to have large percentages of VLBW infants born in lower-level hospitals. To evaluate published data on associations between hospital level at birth and neonatal or predischarge mortality for VLBW and very preterm (VPT) infants. Systematic search of published literature (1976-May 2010) in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed databases and manual searches of reference lists. Forty-one publications met a priori inclusion criteria (randomized controlled trial, cohort, and case-control studies measuring neonatal or predischarge mortality among live-born infants < or = 1500 g or < or = 32 weeks' gestation delivered at a level III vs lower-level facility). Paired reviewers independently assessed publications for inclusion and extracted data using standardized forms. Discrepancies were decided by a third reviewer. Publications were reviewed for quality by 3 authors based on 2 content areas: adjustment for confounding and description of hospital levels. We calculated weighted, combined odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model and comparative unadjusted pooled mortality rates. We observed increased odds of death for VLBW infants (38% vs 23%; adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-1.83) and VPT infants (15% vs 17%; adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21-1.98) born outside of level III hospitals. Consistent results were obtained when restricted to higher-quality evidence (mortality in VLBW infants, 36% vs 21%; adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.33-1.92 and in VPT infants, 7% vs 12%; adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.88) and infants weighing less than 1000 g (59% vs 32%; adjusted OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.31-2.46). No significant differences were found through subgroup analysis of study characteristics. Meta-regression by year of publication did not reveal a change over time (slope, 0.00; P = .87). For VLBW and VPT infants, birth outside of a level III hospital is significantly associated with increased likelihood of neonatal or predischarge death.
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              Reduction in neonatal mortality in Chile between 1990 and 2000.

              Our objective with this article was to describe the declining trend in neonatal mortality in Chile between 1990 and 2000 and examine potential causal factors. Descriptive analysis of data that were provided by the Chilean Ministry of Health on all approximately 2,900,000 births occurred in Chile between 1990 and 2000. Total neonatal mortality rates (<28 days), and birth weight-specific and gestational age-specific mortality rates from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed by year. Public health interventions that were implemented during the 1990s were reviewed to assess their potential influence on the observed trends in neonatal mortality. The neonatal mortality rate between 1990 and 2000 decreased from 8.3 to 5.7 per 1000 live births. This decline was not associated with decreases in the proportion of low birth weight and preterm infants but rather with declines in birth weight-specific and gestational age-specific mortality rates. Examination of the trends in birth weight-specific and gestational age-specific mortality rates showed that a marked proportional decrease in mortality rates was achieved among infants who weighed <1500 g and were delivered before 32 weeks. It is plausible, both biologically and temporally, that the observed trends in the reduction in birth weight-specific and gestational age-specific mortality rates are associated with the introduction of specific sector-wide interventions that aim to improve newborn care in very preterm and low birth weight infants. Important reductions in newborn mortality in developing countries are possible with the implementation of effective neonatal care interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aap
                Archivos argentinos de pediatría
                Arch. argent. pediatr.
                Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0325-0075
                1668-3501
                October 2012
                : 110
                : 5
                : 394-403
                Affiliations
                [04] orgnameHospital Maternoinfantil R. Sardá
                [12] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Dr. P. de Elizalde
                [08] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Dr. C. Durand
                [02] orgnameHospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutierrez
                [10] orgnameHospital General de Agudos J. M. Ramos Mejía
                [06] orgnameHospital General de Agudos C. Argerich
                [11] orgnameHospital General de Agudos D. Vélez Sarsfield
                [07] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Donación F. Santojanni
                [09] orgnameHospital General de Agudos J. A Penna
                [13] orgnameHospital General de Agudos P. Piñero
                [03] orgnameHospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. J. P. Garrahan
                [01] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Dr. J.A. Fernández
                [15] Buenos Aires orgnameHospital General de Agudos B. Rivadavia Argentina
                [14] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Dr. I. Pirovano
                [05] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Dr. T. Álvarez
                Article
                S0325-00752012000500007 S0325-0075(12)11000500007
                8a54090b-36c8-40d5-9cb8-6dffe225eab4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 May 2012
                : 20 December 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Argentina


                Very low birth weight newborn,Neonatal mortality,Neonatal morbidity,Mortalidad ajustada por riesgo,Recién nacido de muy bajo peso,Mortalidad neonatal,Morbilidad neonatal,Risk-adjusted mortality

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