The neural basis of semantic cognition in Mandarin Chinese: A combined fMRI and TMS study

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Abstract

While converging sources of evidence point to the possibility of a large‐scale distributed network for semantic cognition, a consensus regarding the underlying subregions and their specific function in this network has not been reached. In the current study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methodology to investigate the neural basis of semantic cognition in Mandarin Chinese. In the fMRI experiment, strong activations were observed in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) for semantic judgment task. Moreover, functional connectivity was found from seed region left IFG to left MTG. Meanwhile, negative correlation between performance and extracted parameter estimates from left IFG to left MTG was detected in semantic task. Subsequent TMS stimulation over left IFG resulted in performance deficits in semantic judgment task, in contrast to other three sites: left MTG, right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and a control site. We concluded that the neural basis of semantic processing for Mandarin Chinese closely resembled that for alphabetic languages such as English, supporting a language‐universal view on semantic cognition.

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Most cited references 63

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Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language.

Gregory Hickok, David Poeppel (2004)

Despite intensive work on language-brain relations, and a fairly impressive accumulation of knowledge over the last several decades, there has been little progress in developing large-scale models of the functional anatomy of language that integrate neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and psycholinguistic data. Drawing on relatively recent developments in the cortical organization of vision, and on data from a variety of sources, we propose a new framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language which moves towards remedying this situation. The framework posits that early cortical stages of speech perception involve auditory fields in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally (although asymmetrically). This cortical processing system then diverges into two broad processing streams, a ventral stream, which is involved in mapping sound onto meaning, and a dorsal stream, which is involved in mapping sound onto articulatory-based representations. The ventral stream projects ventro-laterally toward inferior posterior temporal cortex (posterior middle temporal gyrus) which serves as an interface between sound-based representations of speech in the superior temporal gyrus (again bilaterally) and widely distributed conceptual representations. The dorsal stream projects dorso-posteriorly involving a region in the posterior Sylvian fissure at the parietal-temporal boundary (area Spt), and ultimately projecting to frontal regions. This network provides a mechanism for the development and maintenance of "parity" between auditory and motor representations of speech. Although the proposed dorsal stream represents a very tight connection between processes involved in speech perception and speech production, it does not appear to be a critical component of the speech perception process under normal (ecologically natural) listening conditions, that is, when speech input is mapped onto a conceptual representation. We also propose some degree of bi-directionality in both the dorsal and ventral pathways. We discuss some recent empirical tests of this framework that utilize a range of methods. We also show how damage to different components of this framework can account for the major symptom clusters of the fluent aphasias, and discuss some recent evidence concerning how sentence-level processing might be integrated into the framework.

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Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory.

David Badre, Anthony D. Wagner (2007)

Cognitive control mechanisms permit memory to be accessed strategically, and so aid in bringing knowledge to mind that is relevant to current goals and actions. In this review, we consider the contribution of left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) to the cognitive control of memory. Reviewed evidence supports a two-process model of mnemonic control, supported by a double dissociation among rostral regions of left VLPFC. Specifically, anterior VLPFC (approximately BA 47; inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis) supports controlled access to stored conceptual representations, whereas mid-VLPFC (approximately BA 45; inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis) supports a domain-general selection process that operates post-retrieval to resolve competition among active representations. We discuss the contribution of these control mechanisms across a range of mnemonic domains, including semantic retrieval, recollection of contextual details about past events, resolution of proactive interference in working memory, and task switching. Finally, we consider open directions for future research into left VLPFC function and the cognitive control of memory.

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Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?

David Badre, Mark D'Esposito (2009)

The frontal lobes in the brain are a component of the cerebral system that supports goal-directed behaviour. However, their functional organization remains controversial. Recent studies have reported rostro-caudal distinctions in frontal cortex activity based on the abstractness of action representations. In addition, some have proposed that these differences reflect a hierarchical organization, whereby anterior frontal regions influence processing by posterior frontal regions during the realization of abstract action goals as motor acts. However, few have considered whether the anatomy and physiology of the frontal lobes support such a scheme. To address this gap, this Review surveys anatomical, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and developmental findings, and considers the question: could the organization of the frontal cortex be hierarchical?

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ling Li:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0181

liling@uestc.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Hum Brain Mapp

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Hum Brain Mapp

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0193

Journal ID (publisher-id): HBM

Title: Human Brain Mapping

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Hoboken, USA )

ISSN (Print): 1065-9471

ISSN (Electronic): 1097-0193

Publication date (Electronic): 10 September 2019

Publication date Collection: 15 December 2019

Volume: 40

Issue: 18 ( doiID: 10.1002/hbm.v40.18 )

Pages: 5412-5423

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

[ ² ] School of Foreign Languages, Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Ling Li, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

Email: liling@ 123456uestc.edu.cn

Author information

Ling Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0181

Article

Publisher ID: HBM24781

DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24781

PMC ID: 6864898

PubMed ID: 31507031

SO-VID: 8a98ed0f-4872-4a68-8244-14b9a9f00225

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 23 June 2019

Date revision received : 10 August 2019

Date accepted : 20 August 2019

Page count

Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Pages: 12, Words: 9984

Funding

Funded by: 111 project , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100013314;

Award ID: B12027

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100001809;

Award ID: 61673087

Award ID: 61773092

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date December 15, 2019

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.2 mode:remove_FC converted:15.11.2019

ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology

Keywords: fmri and tms,inferior frontal gyrus,posterior middle temporal gyrus,semantic cognition

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology

Keywords: fmri and tms, inferior frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, semantic cognition

The neural basis of semantic cognition in Mandarin Chinese: A combined fMRI and TMS study

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Karger: Neurology and Neuroscience

Most cited references 63

Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language.

Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory.

Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?

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