Training may enhance early childhood educators’ self-efficacy to lead physical activity in childcare

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Abstract

Background

Early childhood educators (ECEs) play a critical role in promoting physical activity (PA) among preschoolers in childcare; thus, PA-related training for ECEs is essential. The Supporting PA in the Childcare Environment (SPACE) intervention incorporated: 1. shorter, more frequent outdoor play sessions; 2. provision of portable play equipment; and, PA training for ECEs. An extension of the SPACE intervention (the SPACE-Extension) incorporated only the shorter, more frequent outdoor play periods component of the original SPACE intervention. The purpose of this study was to explore the individual impact of these interventions on ECEs’ PA-related self-efficacy and knowledge.

Methods

ECEs from the SPACE ( n = 83) and SPACE-Extension ( n = 31) were administered surveys at all intervention time-points to assess: self-efficacy to engage preschoolers in PA ( n = 6 items; scale 0 to 100); self-efficacy to implement the intervention ( n = 6 items); and, knowledge of preschooler-specific PA and screen-viewing guidelines ( n = 2 items). A linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the impact of each intervention on ECEs’ self-efficacy and knowledge and controlled for multiple comparison bias.

Results

The SPACE intervention significantly impacted ECEs’ self-efficacy to engage preschoolers in PA for 180 min/day (main effect), and when outdoor playtime was not an option (interaction effect). Further, the interaction model for ECEs’ knowledge of the total PA guideline for preschoolers approached significance when compared to the main effects model. Participants within the SPACE-Extension did not demonstrate any significant changes in self-efficacy or knowledge variables.

Conclusions

Findings from this study highlight the benefit of ECE training in PA with regard to fostering their PA-related self-efficacy and knowledge. Future research should explore the impact of PA training for ECEs uniquely in order to determine if this intervention component, alone, can produce meaningful changes in children’s PA behaviours at childcare.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10400-z.

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Most cited references 49

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International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.

CORA L. CRAIG, ALISON L. MARSHALL, MICHAEL SJ??STR??M … (2003)

Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.

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Health promotion by social cognitive means.

Albert Bandura (2004)

This article examines health promotion and disease prevention from the perspective of social cognitive theory. This theory posits a multifaceted causal structure in which self-efficacy beliefs operate together with goals, outcome expectations, and perceived environmental impediments and facilitators in the regulation of human motivation, behavior, and well-being. Belief in one's efficacy to exercise control is a common pathway through which psychosocial influences affect health functioning. This core belief affects each of the basic processes of personal change--whether people even consider changing their health habits, whether they mobilize the motivation and perseverance needed to succeed should they do so, their ability to recover from setbacks and relapses, and how well they maintain the habit changes they have achieved. Human health is a social matter, not just an individual one. A comprehensive approach to health promotion also requires changing the practices of social systems that have widespread effects on human health.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Brianne A. Bruijns: bbruijns@uwo.ca

Andrew M. Johnson: ajohnson@uwo.ca

Jennifer D. Irwin: jenirwin@uwo.ca

Shauna M. Burke: sburke9@uwo.ca

Molly Driediger: mdriedig@uwo.ca

Leigh M. Vanderloo: leigh.vanderloo@sickkids.ca

Patricia Tucker: ttucker2@uwo.ca

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health

Title: BMC Public Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458

Publication date (Electronic): 19 February 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 19 February 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 386

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.39381.30, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8884, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, , Western University, ; London, Canada

[2 ]GRID grid.39381.30, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8884, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, , Western University, ; London, Ontario Canada

[3 ]GRID grid.39381.30, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8884, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, , Western University, ; London, Ontario Canada

[4 ]GRID grid.42327.30, ISNI 0000 0004 0473 9646, Child Health and Evaluative Science, , Hospital for Sick Children, ; Toronto, Ontario Canada

[5 ]GRID grid.39381.30, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8884, School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, , Western University, ; 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada

Article

Publisher ID: 10400

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10400-z

PMC ID: 7893737

PubMed ID: 33607984

SO-VID: 8cc241be-c425-46d9-a340-f12998f8239d

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 21 July 2020

Date accepted : 5 February 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;

Award ID: 133559

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: early childhood educator,childcare,self-efficacy,physical activity

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: early childhood educator, childcare, self-efficacy, physical activity

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Training may enhance early childhood educators’ self-efficacy to lead physical activity in childcare

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Supplementary Information

Related collections

Global Health Next Generation Network

Most cited references 49

Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Usinglme4

International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.

Health promotion by social cognitive means.

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Cited by 5

Most referenced authors 1,255