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      Evaluation du statut vaccinal et des rappels vaccinaux chez les adolescents scolarisés à Libreville, au Gabon Translated title: Assessment of vaccination status and booster vaccinations in adolescents attending school in Libreville, Gabon

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          La vaccination chez l'adolescent est particulière et le statut vaccinal de ce dernier est peu connu. L'objectif de cette étude était d'apprécier ce statut vaccinal et d'identifier les facteurs associés à la compliance vaccinale chez les adolescents scolarisés à Libreville.

          Méthodes

          Une enquête observationnelle transversale descriptive a été réalisée chez les élèves des classes de 6 edu Lycée national Léon MBA de Libreville.

          Résultats

          Au total, 304 élèves ont été inclus dans l'étude. L'âge moyen des élèves était de 11,60±1,20 ans et le sexe ratio était de 0,6. Deux cent soixante-six enfants (87,5%) vivaient avec leur géniteur direct (père et/ou mère). Le nombre moyen d'enfants par famille était de 4. Le taux de couverture vaccinale était de 78,3%. Le nombre d'enfants par famille n'était pas associée à la couverture vaccinale des vaccins du PEV (p=0,088), par contre les enfants vivant avec au moins l'un des parents avaient une meilleure couverture vaccinale respectivement par les vaccins du PEV (p=0,025) et les vaccins hors PEV (p=0,035). Les facteurs évoqués par les parents pour expliquer la non-vaccination étaient le manque d'information (30,59%), l'oubli (24,67%) et le manque de moyens financiers (12,82%).

          Conclusion

          La couverture vaccinale des adolescents scolarisés à Libreville semble relativement proche des objectifs du PEV, mais elle reste associée à la situation familiale. D'autres campagnes de sensibilisation seraient utiles pour améliorer cette couverture vaccinale au Gabon.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          Vaccination is targeted to selected adolescents and their vaccination status is little known. The purpose of this study is to assess the vaccination status and to identify factors associated with vaccination compliance in adolescents attending school in Libreville.

          Methods

          A cross sectional observational descriptive survey was conducted among students attending grades 6 at the Leon Mba high school in Libreville.

          Results

          In total, 304 students were included in the study. The average age of students was 11.60±1.20 years and sex ratio was 0.6. Two hundred and sixty-six children (87.5%) lived with their parent (father and/or mother). The average number of children per family was 4. Immunization coverage rate was 78.3%. The number of children per family was not associated with vaccine coverage of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines (p=0.088) while children living with at least one of their parents had a better immunization coverage for EPI vaccines (p=0.025) and vaccines outside EPI (p=0.035) respectively. Factors reported by parents to explain reasons for non-vaccination were the lack of information (30.59%), forgetfulness (24.67%) and the lack of financial resources (12.82%).

          Conclusion

          Vaccination coverage for adolescents attending school in Libreville appears to be relatively close to the goals of EPI, but it is still associated with family situation. Other awareness campaigns would be useful to improve vaccination coverage in Gabon.

          Most cited references20

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          The contribution of vaccination to global health: past, present and future.

          Vaccination has made an enormous contribution to global health. Two major infections, smallpox and rinderpest, have been eradicated. Global coverage of vaccination against many important infectious diseases of childhood has been enhanced dramatically since the creation of WHO's Expanded Programme of Immunization in 1974 and of the Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunization in 2000. Polio has almost been eradicated and success in controlling measles makes this infection another potential target for eradication. Despite these successes, approximately 6.6 million children still die each year and about a half of these deaths are caused by infections, including pneumonia and diarrhoea, which could be prevented by vaccination. Enhanced deployment of recently developed pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines should, therefore, result in a further decline in childhood mortality. Development of vaccines against more complex infections, such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV, has been challenging and achievements so far have been modest. Final success against these infections may require combination vaccinations, each component stimulating a different arm of the immune system. In the longer term, vaccines are likely to be used to prevent or modulate the course of some non-infectious diseases. Progress has already been made with therapeutic cancer vaccines and future potential targets include addiction, diabetes, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease.
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            Adolescent Health Interventions: Conclusions, Evidence Gaps, and Research Priorities

            Adolescent health care is challenging compared to that of children and adults, due to their rapidly evolving physical, intellectual, and emotional development. This paper is the concluding paper for a series of reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for improving adolescent health and well-being. In this paper, we summarize the evidence evaluated in the previous papers and suggest areas where there is enough existing evidence to recommend implementation and areas where further research is needed to reach consensus. Potentially effective interventions for adolescent health and well-being include interventions for adolescent sexual and reproductive health, micronutrient supplementation, nutrition interventions for pregnant adolescents, interventions to improve vaccine uptake among adolescents, and interventions for substance abuse. Majority of the evidence for improving immunization coverage, substance abuse, mental health, and accidents and injury prevention comes from high-income countries. Future studies should specifically be targeted toward the low- and middle-income countries with long term follow-up and standardized and validated measurement instruments to maximize comparability of results. Assessment of effects by gender and socioeconomic status is also important as there may be differences in the effectiveness of certain interventions. It is also important to recognize ideal delivery platforms that can augment the coverage of proven adolescent health–specific interventions and provide an opportunity to reach hard-to-reach and disadvantaged population groups.
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              SMS text message reminders to improve infant vaccination coverage in Guatemala: A pilot randomized controlled trial

              Highlights • A novel SMS vaccine reminder platform was created in a LMIC. • SMS vaccine reminders were proven feasible to implement in a LMIC. • SMS vaccine reminders were acceptable to use in a LMIC with high user satisfaction. • SMS vaccine reminders have the potential for widespread scalability at low cost.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                16 March 2020
                2020
                : 35
                : 74
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Département d'Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Informatique Médicale, Santé Publique, Médecine du Travail et Médecine Légale, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville-Owendo, Gabon
                [2 ]Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques et Santé Environnement, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville-Owendo, Gabon
                [3 ]Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université des sciences de la Santé, Libreville-Owendo, Gabon
                [4 ]Service de Néonatalogie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Fondation Jeanne Ebori, Libreville, Gabon
                [5 ]Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Fondation Jeanne Ebori, Libreville, Gabon
                Author notes
                [& ]Auteur correspondant: Edgard Brice Ngoungou, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques et Santé Environnement, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville-Owendo, Gabon
                Article
                PAMJ-35-74
                10.11604/pamj.2020.35.74.20024
                7250231
                32537077
                8d772098-f937-4042-a030-6ee124711e48
                © Ulrick Bisvigou et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 08 August 2019
                : 02 January 2020
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                adolescent,calendrier vaccinal,gabon,programme elargi de vaccination,système éducatif,immunization schedule,expanded program of immunization,educational system

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