UV-Pre-Treated and Protein-Adsorbed Titanium Implants Exhibit Enhanced Osteoconductivity

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Abstract

Titanium materials are essential treatment modalities in the medical field and serve as a tissue engineering scaffold and coating material for medical devices. Thus, there is a significant demand to improve the bioactivity of titanium for therapeutic and experimental purposes. We showed that ultraviolet light (UV)-pre-treatment changed the protein-adsorption ability and subsequent osteoconductivity of titanium. Fibronectin (FN) adsorption on UV-treated titanium was 20% and 30% greater after 1-min and 1-h incubation, respectively, than that of control titanium. After 3-h incubation, FN adsorption on UV-treated titanium remained 30% higher than that on the control. Osteoblasts were cultured on titanium disks after 1-h FN adsorption with or without UV-pre-treatment and on titanium disks without FN adsorption. The number of attached osteoblasts during the early stage of culture was 80% greater on UV-treated and FN-adsorbed (UV/FN) titanium than on FN-adsorbed (FN) titanium; osteoblasts attachment on UV/FN titanium was 2.6- and 2.1-fold greater than that on control- and UV-treated titanium, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts on UV/FN titanium was increased 1.8-, 1.8-, and 2.4-fold compared with that on FN-adsorbed, UV-treated, and control titanium, respectively. The UV/FN implants exhibited 25% and 150% greater in vivo biomechanical strength of bone integration than the FN- and control implants, respectively. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) adsorption on UV-treated titanium was 4.5-fold greater than that on control titanium after 1-min incubation, resulting in a 4-fold increase in osteoblast attachment. Thus, UV-pre-treatment of titanium accelerated its protein adsorptivity and osteoconductivity, providing a novel strategy for enhancing its bioactivity.

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Time-dependent degradation of titanium osteoconductivity: an implication of biological aging of implant materials.

Wael Att, Norio Hori, Masato Takeuchi … (2009)

The shelf life of implantable materials has rarely been addressed. We determined whether osteoconductivity of titanium is stable over time. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on new titanium disks (immediately after acid-etching), 3-day-old (stored after acid-etching for 3 days in dark ambient conditions), 2-week-old, and 4-week-old disks. Protein adsorption capacity, and osteoblast migration, attachment, spread, proliferation and mineralization decreased substantially on old titanium surfaces in an age-dependent manner. When the 4-week-old implants were placed into rat femurs, the biomechanical strength of bone-titanium integration was less than half that for newly processed implants at the early healing stage. More than 90% of the new implant surface was covered by newly generated bone compared to 58% for 4-week-old implants. This time-dependent biological degradation was also found for machined and sandblasted titanium surfaces and was associated with progressive accumulation of hydrocarbon on titanium surfaces. The new surface could attract osteoblasts even under a protein-free condition, but its high bioactivity was abrogated by masking the surface with anions. These results uncover an aging-like time-dependent biological degradation of titanium surfaces from bioactive to bioinert. We also suggest possible underlying mechanisms for this biological degradation that provide new insights into how we could inadvertently lose, and conversely, maximize the osteoconductivity of titanium-based implant materials.

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Titanium–Tissue Interface Reaction and Its Control With Surface Treatment

Takao Hanawa (2019)

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used for medical and dental implant devices—artificial joints, bone fixators, spinal fixators, dental implant, etc. —because they show excellent corrosion resistance and good hard-tissue compatibility (bone formation and bone bonding ability). Osseointegration is the first requirement of the interface structure between titanium and bone tissue. This concept of osseointegration was immediately spread to dental-materials researchers worldwide to show the advantages of titanium as an implant material compared with other metals. Since the concept of osseointegration was developed, the cause of osseointegration has been actively investigated. The surface chemical state, adsorption characteristics of protein, and bone tissue formation process have also been evaluated. To accelerate osseointegration, roughened and porous surfaces are effective. HA and TiO2 coatings prepared by plasma spray and an electrochemical technique, as well as alkalinization of the surface, are also effective to improve hard-tissue compatibility. Various immobilization techniques for biofunctional molecules have been developed for bone formation and prevention of platelet and bacteria adhesion. These techniques make it possible to apply Ti to a scaffold of tissue engineering. The elucidation of the mechanism of the excellent biocompatibility of Ti can provide a shorter way to develop optimal surfaces. This review should enhance the understanding of the properties and biocompatibility of Ti and highlight the significance of surface treatment.

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The effect of UV-photofunctionalization on the time-related bioactivity of titanium and chromium-cobalt alloys.

Wael Att, Norio Hori, Fuminori Iwasa … (2009)

This study examined the possible changes in the bioactivity of titanium surfaces during their aging and investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment during the age-related change of titanium bioactivity. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblastic cells were cultured on new titanium disks (immediately after either acid-etching, machining, or sandblasting), 4-week-old disks (stored after processing for 4 weeks in dark ambient conditions), and 4-week-old disks treated with UVA (peak wavelength of 365 nm) or UVC (peak wavelength of 250 nm). During incubation for 24 h, only 50% of the cells were attached to the 4-week-old surfaces as compared to the new surface. UVC treatment of the aged surface increased its cell attachment capacity to a level 50% higher than the new surfaces, whereas UVA treatment had no effect. Proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization of cells were substantially lower on the 4-week-old surfaces than on the new surfaces, while they were higher on the UVC-treated 4-week-old surfaces as compared to the new surfaces. The age-related impaired bioactivity was found on all titanium topographies as well as on a chromium-cobalt alloy, and was associated with an increased percentage of surface carbon. Although both UVA and UVC treatment converted the 4-week-old titanium surfaces from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic, only UVC treatment effectively reduced the surface carbon to a level equivalent to the new surface. Thus, this study uncovered a time-dependent biological degradation of titanium and chromium-cobalt alloy, and its restoration enabled by UVC phototreatment, which surmounts the innate bioactivity of new surfaces, which is more closely linked to hydrocarbon removal than the induced superhydrophilicity.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 12 June 2020

Publication date Collection: June 2020

Volume: 21

Issue: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 4194

Affiliations

[1 ]Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; yosshii@ 123456dpc.agu.ac.jp (Y.S.); taniyama.orth@ 123456tmd.ac.jp (T.T.); hiroaki_k_0315@ 123456yahoo.co.jp (H.K.); mhirota@ 123456yokohama-cu.ac.jp (M.H.); ikeda.takayuki@ 123456nihon-u.ac.jp (T.I.); togawa@ 123456dentistry.ucla.edu (T.O.)

[2 ]Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Aichi 464-8650, Japan

[3 ]Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan

[4 ]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan

[5 ]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: saruta@ 123456kdu.ac.jp ; Tel./Fax: +81-46-822-9537

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Juri Saruta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-3330

Hiroaki Kitajima https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-1468

Makoto Hirota https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-2808

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Publisher ID: ijms-21-04194

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124194

PMC ID: 7349557

PubMed ID: 32545509

SO-VID: 8d93d0a3-b4c7-4dca-ab41-5f24d530ad70

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

UV-Pre-Treated and Protein-Adsorbed Titanium Implants Exhibit Enhanced Osteoconductivity

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Higher order chromatin architecture

Most cited references 40

Time-dependent degradation of titanium osteoconductivity: an implication of biological aging of implant materials.

Titanium–Tissue Interface Reaction and Its Control With Surface Treatment

The effect of UV-photofunctionalization on the time-related bioactivity of titanium and chromium-cobalt alloys.

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