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      Splenectomy does not affect mouse behaviors

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The spleen is critical for immunity. It is the largest immune organ and immune center in the peripheral system. While the relationship between behavior and immunity has been demonstrated in physiology and diseases, the role of the spleen in behavior is not clear. To investigate the effects of the spleen on behaviors, we performed a refined splenectomy procedure on C57BL/6J mice and performed an open field test, circadian rhythm test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, and Barnes maze test. Splenectomy did not induce changes in general locomotion, circadian rhythms, learning and memory, or depression/anxiety-related behaviors. To further investigate the effects of spleen on stress susceptibility, we established mouse models of depression through chronic unpredictable mild stress. The behavioral performances of mice subjected to splenectomy showed no differences from control animals. These findings suggest that splenectomy does not cause changes in baseline behavioral performance in mice.

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          The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble

          Eleonore Beurel, Marisa S P Toups, Charles Nemeroff (2020)
          Article 0 comments Cited 440 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The spleen in local and systemic regulation of immunity.

            Vincenzo Bronte, Mikael J. Pittet (2013)
            The spleen is the main filter for blood-borne pathogens and antigens, as well as a key organ for iron metabolism and erythrocyte homeostasis. Also, immune and hematopoietic functions have been recently unveiled for the mouse spleen, suggesting additional roles for this secondary lymphoid organ. Here we discuss the integration of the spleen in the regulation of immune responses locally and in the whole body and present the relevance of findings for our understanding of inflammatory and degenerative diseases and their treatments. We consider whether equivalent activities in humans are known, as well as initial therapeutic attempts to target the spleen for modulating innate and adaptive immunity. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen

              Steven M. Lewis, Adam Williams, Stephanie C. Eisenbarth (2019)
              The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body and, as such, hosts a wide range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. The physical organization of the spleen allows it to filter blood of pathogens and abnormal cells and facilitate low-probability interactions between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cognate lymphocytes. APCs specific to the spleen regulate the T and B cell response to these antigenic targets in the blood. This review will focus on cell types, cell organization, and immunologic functions specific to the spleen and how these affect initiation of adaptive immunity to systemic blood-borne antigens. Potential differences in structure and function between mouse and human spleen will also be discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neural Regen Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neural Regen Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NRR
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Neural Regen Res
                Title: Neural Regeneration Research
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 1673-5374
                ISSN (Electronic): 1876-7958
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): August 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 November 2022
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1789-1794
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
                [2 ]Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
                [3 ]College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
                [4 ]Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
                [5 ]Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
                [6 ]Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aging Frailty & Neurorehabilitation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence to: Ti-Fei Yuan, ytf0707@ 123456126.com ; Yue Lan, bluemooning@ 123456163.com ; Hai-Tao Wu, wuht@ 123456bmi.ac.cn .
                [#]

                Both authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author contributions: Study design: TFY, YL, HTW; experiment implementation: JQG, WCZ, BQZ; data analysis and manuscript draft: JQG; statistical analysis and manuscript revision: PSZ. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript .

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8437-3194
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-7002
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-715X
                Article
                Publisher ID: NRR-18-1789
                DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360247
                PMC ID: 10154508
                PubMed ID: 36751807
                SO-VID: 8ec85b6a-0805-4693-9384-b0dc6a365a42
                Copyright © Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 27 April 2022
                Date revision received : 02 June 2022
                Date accepted : 10 October 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: anxiety,chronic unpredictable mild stress,circadian rhythms,depression,immunity,learning,locomotion,memory,spleen,splenectomy
                Data availability:
                Keywords: anxiety, chronic unpredictable mild stress, circadian rhythms, depression, immunity, learning, locomotion, memory, spleen, splenectomy

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