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      An Undergraduate Student‐Led Neuroscience Outreach Program Shows Promise in Shifting Teen Attitudes About Drugs

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          ABSTRACT

          Drug Outreach, Promoting Awareness (DOPA) is an undergraduate outreach program for local high school students designed to convey the neurobiological basis, risks, and addictive potential of commonly abused drugs. Here we describe DOPA and evaluate the program, including its impact on high school student attitudes about drug harm risk and addiction. Undergraduate neuroscience students versed in the neurobiology, physiology, and policy of drugs are trained in active learning methods, enabling them to create engaging and interactive classroom‐based educational materials. Survey results showed that participation in DOPA increased high school student perceptions of the addictive potential and harm risk of drugs, which studies have shown to be inversely correlated with drug‐taking. High school students also responded positively to the interactive nature of the program. These findings demonstrate how extensively trained undergraduates who are close peers to high school students can effectively lead science outreach initiatives and shift adolescent attitudes about drugs.

          Abstract

          Lay abstract: Here we describe a novel high school drug outreach program led by undergraduate neuroscience students. We investigated how the program impacted high school student attitudes about the harm risks and addictive potential of commonly used drugs of abuse. The program was valued highly by the undergraduates, and surveys showed increased awareness of the health risks of several drugs among high school students. The findings demonstrate how using an interactive, peer‐led approach to drug outreach can positively impact adolescents.

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          Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation.

          The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2001, American Psychological Association, 2010) calls for the reporting of effect sizes and their confidence intervals. Estimates of effect size are useful for determining the practical or theoretical importance of an effect, the relative contributions of factors, and the power of an analysis. We surveyed articles published in 2009 and 2010 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, noting the statistical analyses reported and the associated reporting of effect size estimates. Effect sizes were reported for fewer than half of the analyses; no article reported a confidence interval for an effect size. The most often reported analysis was analysis of variance, and almost half of these reports were not accompanied by effect sizes. Partial η2 was the most commonly reported effect size estimate for analysis of variance. For t tests, 2/3 of the articles did not report an associated effect size estimate; Cohen's d was the most often reported. We provide a straightforward guide to understanding, selecting, calculating, and interpreting effect sizes for many types of data and to methods for calculating effect size confidence intervals and power analysis.
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            Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

            Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Revised Edition emphasizes the importance of statistical power analysis. This edition discusses the concepts and types of power analysis, t test for means, significance of a product moment rs, and differences between correlation coefficients. The test that a proportion is .50 and sign test, differences between proportions, and chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the F tests of variance proportions in multiple regression/correlation analysis and computational procedures. This publication is intended for behavioral and biosocial scientists who use statistical inference, but also serves as a supplementary textbook for intermediate level courses in applied statistics in behavioral/biosocial science.
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              The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                raromer@ucla.edu
                Journal
                Mind Brain Educ
                Mind Brain Educ
                10.1111/(ISSN)1751-228X
                MBE
                Mind, Brain and Education
                Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (Hoboken, USA )
                1751-2271
                1751-228X
                04 October 2020
                November 2020
                : 14
                : 4 , Latin American School ( doiID: 10.1111/mbe.v14.4 )
                : 387-399
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Psychology UCLA USA
                [ 2 ] Drug Policy Research Center RAND Corporation USA
                [ 3 ] Brain Research Institute UCLA, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center USA
                [ 4 ] Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA USA
                [ 5 ] Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience UCLA, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]Address correspondence to Rafael Romero‐Calderón, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095; e‐mail: raromer@ 123456ucla.edu
                [†]

                NTL's present address is National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.

                [‡]

                Both the authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-9660
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8224
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-2240
                Article
                MBE12261
                10.1111/mbe.12261
                7756680
                33381224
                9160a9d7-eda8-4122-a61d-040a5d952067
                © 2020 The Authors. Mind, Brain, and Education published by International Mind, Brain, and Education Society and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 08 June 2020
                : 06 August 2020
                : 10 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 7, Pages: 13, Words: 7396
                Funding
                Funded by: NIDA P50
                Award ID: DA005010
                Funded by: Shirley and Stefan Hatos Foundation
                Funded by: UCLA Brain Research Institute
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                November 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.6 mode:remove_FC converted:23.12.2020

                Education
                Education

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