A high performance fully bio-based epoxy thermoset from a syringaldehyde-derived epoxy monomer cured by furan-derived amine

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Owing to the outstanding mechanical strength and modulus, high T _g, anti-flammability and anti-bacterial property, this fully bio-based epoxy thermoset is a promising substitute for DGEBA-based thermoset in high performance fire safe applications.

Abstract

With the growing awareness of global warming and depletion of petroleum resources, the development of bio-based epoxy thermosets as an alternative to petroleum-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy thermosets has generated extensive interest over the past decade. However, most of the bio-based epoxy thermosets studied to date are bio-based epoxy monomers or bio-based curing agents. In order to increase the biomass content in the resultant epoxy thermoset as high as possible, it is desirable to fabricate fully bio-based epoxy thermosets. In this study, we synthesized a bio-based epoxy monomer (SA-GA-EP) from syringaldehyde, as well as a bio-based curing agent (DIFFA) from furfurylamine. The fully bio-based epoxy thermoset was obtained through curing SA-GA-EP by DIFFA, while the commercial DGEBA epoxy thermoset was cured by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as a contrast sample. The glass transition temperature ( T _g) of the cured SA-GA-EP/DIFFA thermoset was as high as 204 °C, which was much higher than that of the DGEBA/DDM thermoset (143 °C). The tensile strength and elongation at break of SA-GA-EP/DIFFA were 57.4 MPa and 2.9%, respectively, which were comparable to those of DGEBA/DDM. Additionally, the cured SA-GA-EP/DIFFA thermoset displayed excellent intrinsic flame retardancy with UL-94 V-0 classification and a relatively high limiting oxygen index of 40.0%. The results of the cone calorimetry test also manifested that the peak heat release rate, the total heat release and the smoke production rate of SA-GA-EP/DIFFA significantly declined by 85%, 86% and 38%, respectively, compared to those of DGEBA/DDM. Moreover, bio-based epoxy exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive S. aureus. Owing to these outstanding performances (including mechanical strength and modulus, high T _g, intrinsic flame resistance and antibacterial properties), this fully bio-based epoxy thermoset is a green and promising substitute for DGEBA-based thermoset in high performance fire safe applications.

Related collections

Most cited references 51

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Biobased thermosetting epoxy: present and future.

Rémi Auvergne, Sylvain Caillol, Ghislain David … (2014)

0 comments Cited 195 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Facile in situ preparation of high-performance epoxy vitrimer from renewable resources and its application in nondestructive recyclable carbon fiber composite

Sheng WANG, Songqi Ma, Qiong Li … (2019)

A high-performance epoxy vitrimer was facilely prepared from a renewable lignin derivative vanillin, and its carbon-fiber composites were nondestructively recycled. Epoxy resins have been widely used in several materials including carbon fiber composites; however, they are arduous to recycle. In this study, for the first time, a Schiff base epoxy thermoset combining excellent recyclability and high performance was facilely prepared from a synthesized formyl group-containing vanillin-based monoepoxide and a diamine via in situ formation of the Schiff base structure and epoxy network. The chemical structure of the monoepoxide and its cross-linked network were characterized in detail. In addition, the thermal and mechanical properties, recyclability of the thermoset and its application in carbon fiber composite were systematically investigated. The results showed that the thermoset possessed a similar glass transition temperature of 172 °C, a tensile strength of 81 MPa and a modulus of 2112 MPa, and higher thermal stability with the degradation temperature for 5% weight loss of 323 °C and elongation at break of 15% in comparison with a bisphenol A epoxy resin. Moreover, it exhibited superior reprocessing recyclability due to the vitrimer or CAN nature of its Schiff base network. Furthermore, it could also be completely degraded under mild acidic conditions, leading to the quick and nondestructive recycling of its carbon fiber composite.