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      Detección de Toxoplasma gondii en agua para el consumo humano proveniente de jagüeyes del área rural del municipio de Sincelejo Translated title: Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water for human consumption from water wells (jagüeyes) in the rural area of the municipality of Sincelejo

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          Resumen

          Introducción.

          La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis que se transmite por vía oral al consumir alimentos contaminados con cualquier forma infectiva de Toxoplasma gondii. Su transmisión por agua ha sido documentada en varios países, incluido Colombia. Al no disponer de agua potable, la población rural de Sincelejo podría estar en riesgo de contraer toxoplasmosis por esta vía.

          Objetivo.

          Evaluar la contaminación por T. gondii del agua para consumo humano proveniente de jagüeyes de la zona rural de Sincelejo y establecer su relación con diferentes determinantes sociales de la salud en el área de estudio.

          Materiales y métodos.

          Mediante PCR anidada, se evaluaron 96 muestras de agua obtenidas en 48 fincas ubicadas en ocho corregimientos rurales de Sincelejo. En cada finca se obtuvieron dos muestras: una de agua cruda de jagüey y otra destinada al consumo directo. En cada finca se hizo una encuesta para recolectar información sobre características físicas de la vivienda, presencia de gatos, y disponibilidad de agua y sus usos. Las relaciones estadísticas se evaluaron con el test de Fisher.

          Resultados.

          De las 96 muestras analizadas, 13 resultaron contaminadas con T. gondii (13,5 %): nueve de agua cruda y cuatro de agua para el consumo directo. No se encontró asociación estadística entre las muestras positivas y los determinantes sociales de la salud evaluados (p>0,05).

          Conclusión.

          La población rural de Sincelejo podría estar en riesgo de contraer toxoplasmosis por el uso y consumo del agua proveniente de sus jagüeyes. La contaminación de estos cuerpos de agua por T. gondii puede estar influenciada por otros determinantes sociales de la salud no contemplados aquí.

          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Toxoplasmosis is an orally-transmitted zoonosis that may appear after consuming food contaminated with any infective form of Toxoplasma gondii. Its transmission by water has been reported in several countries including Colombia. The rural population of Sincelejo could be at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis through this route given that they lack potable water.

          Objective:

          To evaluate T. gondii contamination in water for human consumption from water wells (jagüeyes) in the rural area of Sincelejo and establish its relationship with different social determinants of health in the study area.

          Materials and methods:

          Using nested PCR we evaluated 96 water samples obtained from 48 farms located in eight rural townships in Sincelejo. We took two samples in each farm: one of raw water from water wells and the other intended for direct consumption. We conducted a survey on each farm to collect information on the physical characteristics of dwellings, the presence of cats, and the availability and uses of water. Statistical relationships were evaluated through Fisher tests.

          Results:

          Of the 96 samples analyzed, 13 were contaminated with T. gondii (13.5%): Nine corresponded to raw water and four to water for direct consumption. No statistical association was found between the positive samples and the social determinants of health under evaluation (p>0.05).

          Conclusion:

          The rural population of Sincelejo could be at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis through the use and/or consumption of water from its water wells. The contamination of these water bodies by T. gondii may be influenced by unstudied social determinants.

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          Most cited references34

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          Waterborne Toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from Field to Gene

          Water was the suspected vehicle of Toxoplasma gondii dissemination in a toxoplasmosis outbreak in Brazil. A case-control study and geographic mapping of cases were performed. T. gondii was isolated directly from the implicated water and genotyped as SAG 2 type I.
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            Potential contamination of drinking water with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

            The world's first documented toxoplasmosis outbreak associated with a municipal water supply was recognized in 1995 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It was hypothesized that domestic cat (Felis catus) or cougar (Felis concolor) faeces contaminated a surface water reservoir with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. An extensive investigation of the Victoria watershed 1 year following the outbreak documented the presence of an endemic T. gondii cycle involving the animals inhabiting the area. Cats and cougars were observed throughout the watershed. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection was demonstrated among domestic cats living in the Victoria area. Cougars were found to shed T. gondii oocysts. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection in deer mice living in the riparian environments of the watershed suggested that T. gondii oocysts were being shed near the water edge. Contamination of Victoria's water supply with T. gondii oocysts potentially occurred during the study period and future waterborne toxoplasmosis outbreaks in this and other communities are possible.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Oocyst-transmitted toxoplasmosis associated with ingestion of contaminated water.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomedica
                Biomedica
                bio
                Biomédica
                Instituto Nacional de Salud
                0120-4157
                2590-7379
                31 May 2021
                May 2021
                : 41
                : Suppl 1
                : 82-99
                Affiliations
                [1 ] original Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia normalizedUniversidad de Sucre orgdiv1Investigaciones Biomédicas orgnameUniversidad de Sucre Sincelejo, Colombia
                [2 ] original Programa de Maestría en Biología, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia normalizedUniversidad de Sucre orgnameUniversidad de Sucre Sincelejo, Colombia
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondencia: Diana Marcela Campo-Portacio, Calle 15E No 6 a-79, Sincelejo, Colombia Teléfono: (311) 618 3571 marcelacampor@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de intereses.

                Article
                10.7705/biomedica.5858
                8323759
                34111342
                928ea1e5-6664-434f-a82d-4816b7506656

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 04 November 2020
                : 03 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 18
                Categories
                Artículo Original

                toxoplasma,agua cruda,reacción en cadena de la polimerasa,determinantes sociales de la salud,raw water,polymerase chain reaction,social determinants of health

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