Digitalización de cuevas con arte paleolítico parietal de Bizkaia. Análisis científico y divulgación mediante nuevas técnicas de visualización

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Abstract

<p>We present three case studies illustrating the virtual reproduction of caves that belong to the most important artistic ensemble of the Paleolithic from Bizkaia (Spain): Benta Laperra, Askondo and Lumentxa. The complex morphology of the cavities, the fineness of their engravings and the poor definition of their paintings imply technical difficulties to achieve faithful reproduction of their geometry and appearance. The methodology applied in these caves, based on a combination of photogrammetric and surveying techniques, allows the creation of a complete virtual replica, without shadow zones and a detailed reproduction of their engravings and paintings. At the same time, this replica has given rise to a type of technical documentation that very faithfully and objectively facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the cave. On the one hand, series of longitudinal and transverse sections have been generated, extracting information of the cut profile and the projection of the surfaces through orthoimages of elevation-section with a level of resolution of 2 mm per pixel, equivalent to a scale of representation 1/10. In addition, the georeferencing of the caves has allowed the research team to generate cartography of elevations of floor and ceiling by means of contour lines and to overlap the cartography of the National Geographic Institute (IGN) to measure the distance that separates the ceiling of the cave from the external surface. It can be used to detect critical points that must be taken into account in case of possible actions in forestry or infrastructure projects. Finally, these virtual replicas allow the dissemination of a wealth in detail, through new interactive methods of visualization and virtual reality. In conclusion, the presented methodology means an advance with respect to the existing techniques thus providing solutions for both technical and informative applications.</p>

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Accurate, dense, and robust multiview stereopsis.

Yasutaka Furukawa, Jean Ponce (2010)

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for multiview stereopsis that outputs a dense set of small rectangular patches covering the surfaces visible in the images. Stereopsis is implemented as a match, expand, and filter procedure, starting from a sparse set of matched keypoints, and repeatedly expanding these before using visibility constraints to filter away false matches. The keys to the performance of the proposed algorithm are effective techniques for enforcing local photometric consistency and global visibility constraints. Simple but effective methods are also proposed to turn the resulting patch model into a mesh which can be further refined by an algorithm that enforces both photometric consistency and regularization constraints. The proposed approach automatically detects and discards outliers and obstacles and does not require any initialization in the form of a visual hull, a bounding box, or valid depth ranges. We have tested our algorithm on various data sets including objects with fine surface details, deep concavities, and thin structures, outdoor scenes observed from a restricted set of viewpoints, and "crowded" scenes where moving obstacles appear in front of a static structure of interest. A quantitative evaluation on the Middlebury benchmark shows that the proposed method outperforms all others submitted so far for four out of the six data sets.