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      Colorectal cancer stem cell-derived exosomal long intergenic noncoding RNA 01315 (LINC01315) promotes proliferation, migration, and stemness of colorectal cancer cells

      research-article
      Author(s): a , a , a , b , a , a
      Publication date (Electronic, pub):
      Publication date (Electronic, collection):
      Journal: Bioengineered
      Publisher: Taylor & Francis
      Keywords: Colorectal cancer, stem-like cell, exosomal, LINC01315, stemness

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          ABSTRACT

          The effect of long intergenic noncoding RNA 01315 (LINC01315) on colorectal cancer has widely been proved. Nevertheless, how LINC01315 functions in the stemness of colorectal cancer and whether LINC01315 exists in colorectal cancer stem-like cell-derived exosomes remain dim, which are thus investigated in this research. CD133 +/CD44 + colorectal cancer stem cells were sorted and verified through flow cytometry. Exosomes derived from CD133 +/CD44 + colorectal cancer stem cells were collected. The viability, proliferation, stemness and migration of CD133 +/CD44 +, CD133 −/CD44 −, and colorectal cancer cells after transfection or the co-culture with exosomes were detected by MTT, colony formation, spheroid, and wound healing assays, respectively. Expressions of LINC01315, BCL-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, MMP-9, E-cadherin, and vimentin in cells or exosomes were analyzed using western blot or qRT-PCR. Genes interacted with LINC01315 in colorectal cancer were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that LINC01315 was high-expressed in CD133 +/CD44 + colorectal cancer stem cells and exosomes. Compared with colorectal cancer cells, the viability, proliferation, stemness, and migration of CD133 +/CD44 + cancer cells were stronger, while these of CD133 −/CD44 − cancer cells were weaker. Besides, LINC01315 silencing decreased the viability, proliferation, stemness, and migration of CD133 +/CD44 + cancer cells, while sh-LINC01315 inhibited the promotive effects of CD133 +/CD44 + cancer cell-derived exosomes on the viability, proliferation, stemness, and migration of colorectal cancer cells. LINC01315 was also found to be correlated with DPEP1, KRT23, ASCL2, AXIN2, and DUSP4 in colorectal cancer. In conclusion, colorectal cancer stem cell-derived exosomal LINC01315 promotes the proliferation, migration, and stemness of colorectal cancer cells.

          GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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          Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

          Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)
          This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
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            Exosomes

            D Pegtel, Stephen Gould (2019)
            Exosomes are small, single-membrane, secreted organelles of ∼30 to ∼200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell and are enriched in selected proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes contain an array of membrane-associated, high-order oligomeric protein complexes, display pronounced molecular heterogeneity, and are created by budding at both plasma and endosome membranes. Exosome biogenesis is a mechanism of protein quality control, and once released, exosomes have activities as diverse as remodeling the extracellular matrix and transmitting signals and molecules to other cells. This pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic plays important roles in many aspects of human health and disease, including development, immunity, tissue homeostasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, viruses co-opt exosome biogenesis pathways both for assembling infectious particles and for establishing host permissiveness. On the basis of these and other properties, exosomes are being developed as therapeutic agents in multiple disease models.
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              Cancer stem cells revisited.

              Eduard Batlle, Hans Clevers (2017)
              The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept was proposed four decades ago, and states that tumor growth, analogous to the renewal of healthy tissues, is fueled by small numbers of dedicated stem cells. It has gradually become clear that many tumors harbor CSCs in dedicated niches, and yet their identification and eradication has not been as obvious as was initially hoped. Recently developed lineage-tracing and cell-ablation strategies have provided insights into CSC plasticity, quiescence, renewal, and therapeutic response. Here we discuss new developments in the CSC field in relationship to changing insights into how normal stem cells maintain healthy tissues. Expectations in the field have become more realistic, and now, the first successes of therapies based on the CSC concept are emerging.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bioengineered
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bioengineered
                Title: Bioengineered
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Print): 2165-5979
                ISSN (Electronic): 2165-5987
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 26 April 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 April 2022
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 10827-10842
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
                [b ]Department of Anorectal, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; , Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
                Author notes
                CONTACT Yunfei Gu yfy0052@ 123456njucm.edu.cn Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; , 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2065800
                DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065800
                PMC ID: 9161962
                PubMed ID: 35470736
                SO-VID: 935254a5-c4c3-41e6-8d08-746ca905b3b5
                Copyright © © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 7, References: 46, Pages: 16
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Research Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: colorectal cancer,stem-like cell,exosomal,linc01315,stemness
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: colorectal cancer, stem-like cell, exosomal, linc01315, stemness

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