Collapsin response mediator proteins: Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancers (Review)

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Abstract

The collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were originally identified as mediators of semaphorin 3A signaling and neuronal differentiation. The CRMP family consists of five homologous cytosolic proteins, CRMP1-5. Altered expression levels of CRMPs have been observed in several malignant tumors, including lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and neuroendocrine lung cancer. The aim of the current study was to review the recent progress achieved in understanding the association between the different levels of CRMP expression in tumors and their involvement in pathological functions, such as tumor metastasis, disease progression, subtype differentiation and clinical outcome, to address the potential value of CRMPs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients.

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GSK-3beta regulates phosphorylation of CRMP-2 and neuronal polarity.

Takeshi Yoshimura, Yoji Kawano, Nariko Arimura … (2005)

Neurons are highly polarized and comprised of two structurally and functionally distinct parts, an axon and dendrites. We previously showed that collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) is critical for specifying axon/dendrite fate, possibly by promoting neurite elongation via microtubule assembly. Here, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylated CRMP-2 at Thr-514 and inactivated it. The expression of the nonphosphorylated form of CRMP-2 or inhibition of GSK-3beta induced the formation of multiple axon-like neurites in hippocampal neurons. The expression of constitutively active GSK-3beta impaired neuronal polarization, whereas the nonphosphorylated form of CRMP-2 counteracted the inhibitory effects of GSK-3beta, indicating that GSK-3beta regulates neuronal polarity through the phosphorylation of CRMP-2. Treatment of hippocampal neurons with neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) induced inactivation of GSK-3beta and dephosphorylation of CRMP-2. Knockdown of CRMP-2 inhibited NT-3-induced axon outgrowth. These results suggest that NT-3 decreases phosphorylated CRMP-2 and increases nonphosphorylated active CRMP-2, thereby promoting axon outgrowth.

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Gene expression profiling reveals molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme.

Yu-Liang Leon Guo, Andrew W. Bollen, N. K. Watson … (2005)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma, characterized by genetic instability, intratumoral histopathological variability, and unpredictable clinical behavior. We investigated global gene expression in surgical samples of brain tumors. Gene expression profiling revealed large differences between normal brain samples and tumor tissues and between GBMs and lower-grade oligodendroglial tumors. Extensive differences in gene expression were found among GBMs, particularly in genes involved in angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We found that the gene expression patterns in paired specimens from the same GBM invariably were more closely related to each other than to any other tumor, even when the paired specimens had strikingly divergent histologies. Survival analyses revealed a set of approximately 70 genes more highly expressed in rapidly progressing tumors that stratified GBMs into two groups that differed by >4-fold in median duration of survival. We further investigated one gene from the group, FABP7, and confirmed its association with survival in two unrelated cohorts totaling 105 patients. Expression of FABP7 enhanced the motility of glioma-derived cells in vitro. Our analyses thus identify and validate a prognostic marker of both biologic and clinical significance and provide a series of putative markers for additional evaluation.

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Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.

Larry S. Zweifel, B Mark Woerner, Alane T Koki … (2000)

We provide evidence that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandins contribute to tumor growth by inducing newly formed blood vessels (neoangiogenesis) that sustain tumor cell viability and growth. COX-2 is expressed within human tumor neovasculature as well as in neoplastic cells present in human colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancer biopsy tissue. COX-1 is broadly distributed in normal, as well as in neoplastic, tissues. The contribution of COX-2 to human tumor growth was indicated by the ability of celecoxib, an agent that inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, to suppress growth of lung and colon tumors implanted into recipient mice. Mechanistically, celecoxib demonstrated a potent antiangiogenic activity. In a rat model of angiogenesis, we observe that corneal blood vessel formation is suppressed by celecoxib, but not by a COX-1 inhibitor. These and other data indicate that COX-2 and COX-2-derived prostaglandins may play a major role in development of cancer through numerous biochemical mechanisms, including stimulation of tumor cell growth and neovascularization. The ability of celecoxib to block angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth suggests a novel application of this anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of human cancer.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oncol Lett

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oncol Lett

Journal ID (publisher-id): OL

Title: Oncology Letters

Publisher: D.A. Spandidos

ISSN (Print): 1792-1074

ISSN (Electronic): 1792-1082

Publication date (Print): May 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 24 February 2014

Publication date PMC-release: 24 February 2014

Volume: 7

Issue: 5

Pages: 1333-1340

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China

[2 ]Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

[3 ]Research Center for Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China

Author notes

Correspondence to: Professor Zhijie Li, Research Center for Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China, E-mail: lizhijie68@ 123456hotmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: ol-07-05-1333

DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1909

PMC ID: 3997700

PubMed ID: 24765134

SO-VID: 93c9d7fc-28fe-48fb-aa87-661a57ab826d

License:

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

Collapsin response mediator proteins: Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancers (Review)

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Abstract

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Karger: Oncology

Most cited references 58

GSK-3beta regulates phosphorylation of CRMP-2 and neuronal polarity.

Gene expression profiling reveals molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme.

Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.

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