Comparison of the effect of preheating on the flexural strength of giomer and nanohybrid composite resin

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Abstract

Background. Considering the increased use of preheating and novel resin-based materials to restore teeth, the present study investigated the impact of preheating on the flexural strength of a giomer and compared it with a nanohybrid composite resin.

Methods. Two restorative materials (Beautifil II giomer and Alpha III nanohybrid composite resin) were used. Thirty rod-shaped samples (adding up to 60 samples) were prepared from the materials above and divided into two subgroups: with and without preheating (n=15). Before sample preparation, the giomer and nanohybrid composite resin tubes were preheated at 68ºC for 15 minutes in the preheating subgroups. In the subgroups without preheating, the tubes were kept in a room at 25ºC. Then the flexural strength was compared between the two groups with two-way ANOVA at a significance level of P<0.05.

Results. The results showed significantly higher flexural strength in the preheated subgroups than in the non-preheated subgroups ( P<0.001). In addition, the mean flexural strength values were significantly higher in the giomer groups than in the nanohybrid composite resin groups ( P<0.001).

Conclusion. Preheating increased the studied materials’ flexural strengths significantly. The flexural strength of the giomer restorative material was higher than that of the nanohybrid composite resin, irrespective of preheating.

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Most cited references 34

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The effect of filler loading and morphology on the mechanical properties of contemporary composites.

Kanyin Ong, Jang-Kyo Kim, Osamu Okuno (2002)

Little information exists regarding the filler morphology and loading of composites with respect to their effects on selected mechanical properties and fracture toughness. The objectives of this study were to: (1) classify commercial composites according to filler morphology, (2) evaluate the influence of filler morphology on filler loading, and (3) evaluate the effect of filler morphology and loading on the hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness of contemporary composites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to classify 3 specimens from each of 14 commercial composites into 4 groups according to filler morphology. The specimens (each 5 x 2.5 x 15 mm) were derived from the fractured remnants after the fracture toughness test. Filler weight content was determined by the standard ash method, and the volume content was calculated using the weight percentage and density of the filler and matrix components. Microhardness was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and flexural strength and modulus were measured with a universal testing machine. A 3-point bending test (ASTM E-399) was used to determine the fracture toughness of each composite. Data were compared with analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test, both at the P<.05 level of significance. The composites were classified into 4 categories according to filler morphology: prepolymerized, irregular-shaped, both prepolymerized and irregular-shaped, and round particles. Filler loading was influenced by filler morphology. Composites containing prepolymerized filler particles had the lowest filler content (25% to 51% of filler volume), whereas composites containing round particles had the highest filler content (59% to 60% of filler volume). The mechanical properties of the composites were related to their filler content. Composites with the highest filler by volume exhibited the highest flexural strength (120 to 129 MPa), flexural modulus (12 to 15 GPa), and hardness (101 to 117 VHN). Fracture toughness was also affected by filler volume, but maximum toughness was found at a threshold level of approximately 55% filler volume. Within the limitations of this study, the commercial composites tested could be classified by their filler morphology. This property influenced filler loading. Both filler morphology and filler loading influenced flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness.

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Investigations on mechanical behaviour of dental composites.

Nicoleta Ilie, Reinhard Hickel (2009)

Since a direct comparison of composites efficacy in clinical studies is very difficult, our study aimed to analyse in laboratory tests under standardised and simulated clinical conditions a large variety of commercial composite materials belonging to eight different materials categories. Thus, 72 hybrid, nano-hybrid, micro-filled, packable, ormocer-based and flowable composites, compomers and flowable compomers were compared in terms of their mechanical behaviour. Flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), diametric tensile (DTS) and compressive strength (CS) were measured after the samples had been stored in water for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Results were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (alpha = 0.05) as well as partial eta2 statistics. Large varieties between the tested materials within the same material category were found. The hybrid, nano-hybrid, packable and ormocer-based composites do not differ significantly among each other as a material type, reaching the highest FS values. Nano-hybrid composites are characterised by a good FS, the best DTS but a low FM. The lowest mechanical properties achieved the micro-filled hybrids. The flowable composites and compomers showed for all properties comparable result. Both flowable material categories do not differ significantly from the micro-filled composites for the most mechanical properties, showing only a higher DTS. The filler volume was shown to have the highest influence on the measured properties, inducing a maximum FS and FM at a level of 60%, whereas such dependence was not measured for DTS or CS. The influence of the type of material on the mechanical properties was significant but very low, showing the strongest influence on the CS.

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Composite pre-heating: effects on marginal adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical properties.

Nivea Regina de Godoy FRÓES-SALGADO, Luciana Silva, Yoshio Kawano … (2010)

This study evaluated the effect of composite pre-polymerization temperature and energy density on the marginal adaptation (MA), degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), and polymer cross-linking (PCL) of a resin composite (Filtek Z350, 3M/ESPE). For MA, class V cavities (4 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) were prepared in 40 bovine incisors. The adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 (3M/ESPE) was applied. Before being placed in the cavities, the resin composite was either kept at room-temperature (25 degrees C) or previously pre-heated to 68 degrees C in the Calset device (AdDent Inc., Danbury, CT, USA). The composite was then light polymerized for 20 or 40s at 600 mW/cm(2) (12 or 24 J/cm(2), respectively). The percentage of gaps was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, after sectioning the restorations and preparing epoxy resin replicas. DC (n=3) was obtained by FT-Raman spectroscopy on irradiated and non-irradiated composite surfaces. FS (n=10) was measured by the three-point-bending test. KHN (n=6) was measured after 24 h dry storage and again after immersion in 100% ethanol solution for 24h, to calculate PCL density. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical analyses. The pre-heated composite showed better MA than the room-temperature groups. A higher number of gaps were observed in the room-temperature groups, irrespective of the energy density, mainly in the axial wall (p 0.05). Pre-heating the composite prior to light polymerization similar in a clinical situation did not alter the mechanical properties and monomer conversion of the composite, but provided enhanced composite adaptation to cavity walls. Copyright 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects

Journal ID (publisher-id): J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects

Journal ID (publisher-id): TBZMED

Title: Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects

Publisher: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 2008-210X

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2118

Publication date (Print): Summer 2022

Publication date (Electronic): 15 November 2022

Volume: 16

Issue: 3

Pages: 159-163

Affiliations

¹Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

²Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Author notes

[* ] Corresponding author: Soodabeh Kimyai, Email: soodabehkimyai@ 123456yahoo.com

Author information

Soodabeh Kimyai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-5479

Narmin Mohammadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8831-1895

Mahmoud Bahari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-7659

Mahdi Abed Kahnamouei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-6366

Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi Chaharom https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-8510

Article

DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.027

PMC ID: 9871171

PubMed ID: 36704183

SO-VID: 947dc430-c844-4a7d-9411-59aecca649dd

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 11 May 2022

Date accepted : 08 October 2022

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Figures: 1, Tables: 1, References: 34

Comparison of the effect of preheating on the flexural strength of giomer and nanohybrid composite resin

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International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research

Most cited references 34

The effect of filler loading and morphology on the mechanical properties of contemporary composites.

Investigations on mechanical behaviour of dental composites.

Composite pre-heating: effects on marginal adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical properties.

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