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      Radiologic Findings of Polyacrylamide Gel Mammoplasty and Its Complications: A Report of Four Case Series and Review of Literature Translated title: 폴리아크릴 아마이드겔을 이용한 유방확대술과 부작용: 네 개의 증례 보고 및 문헌 고찰

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) has been used for augmentation mammoplasty in certain countries, such as China or Eastern European countries. However, owing to various complications, its use is currently banned in most countries. Nevertheless, because of the migratory stream of female from these countries, we also encounter patients with PAAG mammoplasty in Korea. Owing to the various imaging features of PAAG mammoplasty, it may interfere with the identification of malignancy or other pathologic conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the imaging findings related to PAAG mammoplasty. However, there is limited literature on the radiologic findings of complications related to PAAG mammoplasty in Korea. Herein we report four cases of PAAG mammoplasty, the complications faced, and depict various radiologic features through multimodality imaging.

          Translated abstract

          폴리아크릴 아마이드겔(polyacrylamide gel; 이하 PAAG)은 중국, 동유럽 등에서 유방 확대술에 이용되던 물질이었으나, 다양한 부작용을 일으키는 것으로 밝혀져 현재는 사용이 금지된 물질이다. 그러나 위에서 언급된 국가의 여성들이 다른 국가로 이주하게 되면서, 우리나라에서도 PAAG를 이용한 유방 확대술을 시행한 환자들을 만나게 되었다. 이를 시행한 경우, 매우 다양한 영상의학적 소견을 보이며, 이로 인해 악성 종양이나 다른 진단과의 감별이 어렵기 때문에 정확한 진단 및 치료 계획을 세우기 위해 다양한 영상의학적 소견에 대해 숙지하는 것이 필요하다. 현재까지 한국에서의 PAAG 유방 확대술에 의한 부작용과 관련된 영상의학적 소견에 대해 보고된 바가 적기 때문에, 이에 PAAG 유방 확대술을 시행한 네 개의 증례 통해 다양한 영상의학적 진단 도구를 통한 영상의학적 소견에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.

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          Most cited references7

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          Imaging findings of breast augmentation with injected hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel: patient reports and literature review.

          Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) is a nonresorbable soft tissue filler that has been used as implant material for breast augmentation in some countries, particularly from the Asian continent. Many complications associated with hydrogel use have been reported in the clinical literature including inflammation, persistent mastodynia, formation of multiple lumps, poor cosmetic results, glandular atrophy, and significant spread of hydrogel into the surrounding tissue. Data on long-term toxicity is currently unavailable. The radiologic features of PAAG injection mammoplasty frequently constitute a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Indeed, the imaging appearances of uncomplicated PAAG implants may mimic conventional implants on mammography, sonography and MRI, with some distinguishing features. The location and local spread of the injected PAAG, and the eventual detection of local inflammation, are best evaluated by ultrasonography and especially MRI, considered the most sensitive technique for assessment of PAAG mammoplasty. MRI clearly depicts the volume and the distribution of gel within the breast; contrast medium enhancement allows delineation of areas of inflammation and infection. It is important to be familiar with the spectrum of imaging findings in order to make an accurate diagnosis and offer proper management. This paper aims to review the normal and abnormal mammographic, sonographic, and MR imaging characteristics of PAAG augmentation mammoplasty through presented patient reviews of three women having undergone direct PAAG injection. Crown Copyright © 2009. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Radiologic features of polyacrylamide gel mammoplasty.

            The objective of our study was to describe the imaging features of polyacrylamide gel breast implants in women with and those without complications from mammoplasty.
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              Polyacrylamide gel breast augmentation: report of two cases and review of the literature

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi
                Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi
                JKSR
                Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology (Taehan Yŏngsang Ŭihakhoe chi)
                The Korean Society of Radiology
                1738-2637
                2288-2928
                January 2022
                27 August 2021
                : 83
                : 1
                : 230-238
                Affiliations
                Department of Radiology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 한림대학교 의과대학 강남성심병원 영상의학과
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Ji-Young Hwang, MD. Department of Radiology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Korea. Tel 82-2-829-5241, Fax 82-2-829-515, imp9653@ 123456naver.com
                Article
                10.3348/jksr.2021.0011
                9238198
                36237367
                94ded136-4e36-49a3-89fe-290fc6de36be
                Copyrights © 2022 The Korean Society of Radiology

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 January 2021
                : 15 February 2021
                : 03 March 2021
                Categories
                Breast Imaging
                Case Report

                polyacrylamide gels,mammoplasty,mammography,ultrasonography,magnetic resonance imaging

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