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      Estructura y composición en dos comunidades arbóreas de la selva baja caducifolia y mediana subcaducifolia en Campeche, México Translated title: Structure and composition of two tree communities of tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forests in Campeche, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Se describe y compara la estructura y composición de la selva baja caducifolia (SBC) y la selva mediana subcaducifolia (SMS) en 2 localidades en Campeche, México. Se comparó la riqueza de especies, abundancia y distribución de los árboles, así como sus características dasométricas dentro de cada comunidad vegetal; establecimos 27 parcelas de 500 m² y se contaron todos los individuos ≥ 3 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho. Se registraron 3 162 individuos, pertenecientes a 83 especies y 30 familias. La riqueza de especies de árboles fue mayor en el SMS; 70 especies en 30 familias, 13 especies promedio por parcela; que en SBC fueron 50 especies en 21 familias y se registraron 11 especies por parcela. La diversidad de árboles en la SBC fue de 1.91 (±0.34) frente a 2.10 (±0.32) en la SMS. En consecuencia, las comunidades no se distribuyen uniformemente, tanto en SMS (J= 0.65 ± 0.12) y SBC (J= 0.63±0.12). La composición de especies fue estadísticamente diferente entre las comunidades de plantas (ANOSIM, R= 0.19, p= 0.01). El índice de diversidad beta de Sorensen confirma lo anterior, con 46 especies (55%) no compartidas, 13 registradas sólo para la SBC y 33 sólo en la SMS, mientras que 37 especies (45%) son comunes en ambos ecosistemas. El análisis SIMPER, indica que las especies características de la SMS son: Coccoloba barbadensis, Croton reflexifolius, Diospyros albens, Swartzia cubensis y Tecoma stans, y de la SBC son: Diospyros tetrasperma, Gymnopodium floribundum, Mimosa bahamensis, Randia aculeata y Sideroxylon americanum. En ambas selvas se presentaron de forma dominante Lonchocarpus xuul, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Piscidia piscipula, Bursera simaruba y Vitex gaumeri.

          Translated abstract

          Structure and composition of tropical dry forest (SBC) and tropical semideciduous forest (SMS) were described in 2 locations at Campeche, Mexico. We compare the species richness, abundance and distribution of trees as well as their dasometric characteristics within each plant communities. We established 27 plots (500 m²) were all individuals ≥ 3 cm of diameter at the breast height were counted and measured. We counted 3 162 individuals belonging to 83 species and 30 families. Tree species richness was higher in the SMS (70 species in 30 families; 13 species average per plot) than in SBC, were 50 species in 21 families and 11 species per plot were recorded. Tree diversity in SBC was 1.91 (±0.34) versus 2.10 (±0.32) in SMS. Consequently, communities are not equitably distributed both in SMS (J= 0.65±0.12) and SBC (J= 0.63±0.12). Species composition was statistically different between plant communities (ANOSIM, R= 0.19, p= 0.01). Beta diversity, estimated using the Sorensen index, confirms this, with 46 species non-shared (13 registered only for SBC and 33 only in SMS; while 37 species (45%) were common to both plant communities. Some species are considered as indicators of the SMS while others are for SBC as shown by SIMPER analysis; representative species of SMS were Coccoloba barbadensis, Croton reflexifolius, Diospyros albens, Swartzia cubensis and Tecoma stans. In SBC forests highlighted Diospyros tetrasperma, Gymnopodium floribundum, Mimosa bahamensis, Randia aculeata and Sideroxylon americanum. Conspicuous and dominant species present in both vegetation types were Lonchocarpus xuul, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Piscidia piscipula, Bursera simaruba and Vitex gaumeri.

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          Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs.

          The commonly observed high diversity of trees in tropical rain forests and corals on tropical reefs is a nonequilibrium state which, if not disturbed further, will progress toward a low-diversity equilibrium community. This may not happen if gradual changes in climate favor different species. If equilibrium is reached, a lesser degree of diversity may be sustained by niche diversification or by a compensatory mortality that favors inferior competitors. However, tropical forests and reefs are subject to severe disturbances often enough that equilibrium may never be attained.
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            Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement

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              Changes in Plant Community Diversity and Floristic Composition on Environmental and Geographical Gradients

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México )
                2007-8706
                2014
                : 85
                : 1
                : 167-178
                Affiliations
                [1 ] El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Mexico
                [2 ] Universidad del Norte de Nicaragua Nicaragua
                Article
                S1870-34532014000100016
                10.7550/rmb.38706
                95136fa7-3271-4388-873d-2757762571d8

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation

                Animal science & Zoology
                tree diversity,tropical ecosystems,Yucatán Peninsula,diversidad arbórea,ecosistemas tropicales,península de Yucatán

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