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      The Lifelong Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Prediction Models on Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot

      review-article
      , BSc a , b , , MD, PhD, MHCM a , , PhD a ,
      CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
      Elsevier

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          Abstract

          Medical advancements in the diagnosis, surgical techniques, perioperative care, and continued care throughout childhood have transformed the outlook for individuals with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), improving survival and shifting the perspective towards lifelong care. However, with a growing population of survivors, longstanding challenges have been accentuated, and new challenges have surfaced, necessitating a re-evaluation of TOF care. Availability of prenatal diagnostics, insufficient information from traditional imaging techniques, previously unforeseen medical complications, and debates surrounding optimal timing and indications for reintervention are among the emerging issues. To address these challenges, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning holds great promise as they have the potential to revolutionize patient management and positively impact lifelong outcomes for individuals with TOF. Innovative applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning have spanned across multiple domains of TOF care, including screening and diagnosis, automated image processing and interpretation, clinical risk stratification, and planning and performing cardiac interventions. By embracing these advancements and incorporating them into routine clinical practice, personalized medicine could be delivered, leading to the best possible outcomes for patients. In this review, we provide an overview of these evolving applications and emphasize the challenges, limitations, and future potential for integrating them into clinical care.

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          Résumé

          De grandes avancées médicales touchant le diagnostic de la tétralogie de Fallot (TF), les techniques chirurgicales, les soins périopératoires ainsi que les soins continus au cours de l’enfance ont transformé le pronostic de cette maladie et prolongé la survie des patients, d’où la nécessité d’adopter une approche thérapeutique à long terme. Compte tenu du nombre croissant de survivants, certains défis prennent une plus grande ampleur et de nouvelles difficultés s’y ajoutent. Il convient donc de réévaluer les soins pour les patients atteints de TF. L’accès limité au diagnostic prénatal, les informations fragmentaires obtenues avec les techniques d’imagerie traditionnelles, les complications médicales inattendues et les débats sur les indications et le moment approprié pour les interventions chirurgicales subséquentes sont de nouveaux enjeux. Pour y faire face, l’intégration des outils d’intelligence artificielle (IA) et d’apprentissage automatique (AA) est prometteuse et pourrait réinventer la prise en charge des patients atteints de TF en plus d’améliorer leurs résultats à long terme. L’utilisation innovante de l’IA et de l’AA touche de nombreux aspects des soins offerts à ces patients, par exemple le dépistage et le diagnostic, l’analyse et l’interprétation automatiques d’images, la stratification du risque clinique de même que la planification et la réalisation d’interventions cardiaques. L’adoption de ces avancées technologiques et leur intégration dans la pratique clinique courante ouvrent la voie à une approche de médecine personnalisée dans l’espoir d’obtenir les meilleurs résultats possibles pour les patients. Notre article de synthèse présente ces applications en pleine évolution et met en évidence leurs perspectives d’intégration aux soins cliniques, mais aussi les défis et les limites qui accompagnent cette approche.

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          Most cited references89

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          High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence

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          The use of artificial intelligence, and the deep-learning subtype in particular, has been enabled by the use of labeled big data, along with markedly enhanced computing power and cloud storage, across all sectors. In medicine, this is beginning to have an impact at three levels: for clinicians, predominantly via rapid, accurate image interpretation; for health systems, by improving workflow and the potential for reducing medical errors; and for patients, by enabling them to process their own data to promote health. The current limitations, including bias, privacy and security, and lack of transparency, along with the future directions of these applications will be discussed in this article. Over time, marked improvements in accuracy, productivity, and workflow will likely be actualized, but whether that will be used to improve the patient-doctor relationship or facilitate its erosion remains to be seen.
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              Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation

              Optical sensors on wearable devices can detect irregular pulses. The ability of a smartwatch application (app) to identify atrial fibrillation during typical use is unknown.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis
                CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis
                CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
                Elsevier
                2772-8129
                29 August 2023
                December 2023
                29 August 2023
                : 2
                : 6Part A
                : 440-452
                Affiliations
                [a ]Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
                [b ]Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author: Dr Cedric Manlhiot, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St, 1389 Blalock, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. cmanlhi1@ 123456jhmi.edu
                Article
                S2772-8129(23)00124-0
                10.1016/j.cjcpc.2023.08.005
                10755786
                951752fd-722d-4052-9e7a-3910b6fa93f0
                © 2023 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 14 July 2023
                : 24 August 2023
                Categories
                Review

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