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      El Niño–mean state–seasonal cycle interactions in a multi-model ensemble

      Climate Dynamics
      Springer Nature

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          A Model El Niñ–Southern Oscillation

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            ENSO theory

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              El Niño/Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium.

              Any assessment of future climate change requires knowledge of the full range of natural variability in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Here we splice together fossil-coral oxygen isotopic records from Palmyra Island in the tropical Pacific Ocean to provide 30-150-year windows of tropical Pacific climate variability within the last 1,100 years. The records indicate mean climate conditions in the central tropical Pacific ranging from relatively cool and dry during the tenth century to increasingly warmer and wetter climate in the twentieth century. But the corals also document a broad range of ENSO behaviour that correlates poorly with these estimates of mean climate. The most intense ENSO activity within the reconstruction occurred during the mid-seventeenth century. Taken together, the coral data imply that the majority of ENSO variability over the last millennium may have arisen from dynamics internal to the ENSO system itself.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Climate Dynamics
                Clim Dyn
                Springer Nature
                0930-7575
                1432-0894
                March 2006
                November 2005
                : 26
                : 4
                : 329-348
                Article
                10.1007/s00382-005-0084-6
                95ea6af0-b84b-4959-9382-0aa27a6186b2
                © 2006
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