Patient specific selection of lateral wall cochlear implant electrodes based on anatomical indication ranges

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify anatomical indication ranges for different lateral wall cochlear implant electrodes to support surgeons in the preoperative preparation.

Methods

272 patients who were implanted with a FLEX ^20, FLEX ²⁴, FLEX ²⁸, or a custom-made device (CMD) were included in this study. The cochlear duct length ( CDL) and basal cochlear diameter (length A) were measured within preoperative imaging data. The parameter A was then employed to additionally compute CDL estimates using literature approaches. Moreover, the inserted electrode length ( IEL) and insertion angle ( IA) were measured in postoperative CT data. By combining the preoperative measurements with the IA data, the covered cochlea length ( CCL) and relative cochlear coverage ( CC) were determined for each cochlea.

Results

The measurements of the CDL show comparable results to previous studies. While CDL measurements and estimations cover similar ranges overall, severe deviations occur in individual cases. The electrode specific IEL and CCL are fairly consistent and increase with longer electrodes, but relatively wide ranges of electrode specific CC values were found due to the additional dependence on the respective CDL. Using the correlation of IEL and CCL across electrode arrays, CDL ranges for selected arrays were developed (FLEX ²⁴: 31.3–34.4, FLEX ²⁸: 36.2–40.1, FLEX ^Soft: 40.6–44.9).

Conclusions

Our analysis shows that electrode specific CC varies due to the CDL variation. Preoperative measurement of the CDL allows for an individualized implant length selection yielding optimized stimulation and a reduced risk of intraoperative trauma. The CDL, as derived from preoperative CT imaging studies, can help the implant surgeon select the appropriate electrode array to maximize the patient’s outcomes.