Predictors of Elevated Defibrillation Threshold with the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator

Abstract

There are limited data regarding defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) for the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD), and factors associated with elevated DFTs remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with elevated DFTs in patients undergoing S-ICD implantation. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all patients undergoing S-ICD implantation at our institution between 2013 and 2016 who underwent step-down DFT testing was performed. Factors associated with a higher DFT were analyzed. In total, 56 patients (mean age: 49.3 ± 13.1 years, mean left ventricular ejection rate: 31.1% ± 13.7%) underwent S-ICD implantation in the study period. Full DFT testing was performed in 31 of the 56 patients (55%), with an average DFT of 46.4 joules (J) ± 25.9 J found among this cohort. The DFT was > 65 J in five of the 31 patients (16%). A high DFT was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) (37.7 kg/m ² versus 29.4 kg/m ²; p = 0.02) and either increased septal or posterior wall thickness (1.5 cm versus 1.0 cm; p = 0.0003 and 1.4 cm versus 1.1 cm; p= 0.003, respectively). Patients with high DFTs also had higher failed shock impedance values (138 Ω versus 71 Ω; p = 0.005). Renal failure did not appear to affect DFT (51.4 J versus 51.7 J; p = 0.99). BMI, body surface area (BSA), and septal and posterior left ventricular wall thickness predicted elevated DFT on univariate analysis, although findings were not significant with multivariate analysis due to the small sample size. Thus, elevated S-ICD DFT appears to be associated with increased BMI, BSA, and septal or posterior wall thickness. In contrast, dialysis-dependent renal failure is not associated with elevated DFT. Further investigation is necessary in order to better characterize and predict which patients are at-risk for high DFTs.