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      Chemical and sensory characterization of corn oil flavoured by citrus Translated title: Caracterização química e sensorial do óleo de milho com sabor cítrico

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          Abstract

          Abstract A commercial and refined corn oil was added with fresh lemon and orange fruits to produce corn oil flavoured (COF), which were characterized for their quality parameters, fatty acid profile and concentrations of minor components. The sensory analysis was performed by a panel using the quantitative descriptive analysis and the hedonic score. Results showed that the addition of citrus fruits did not affect the oil quality indices, accomplishing the requirements for commercialization. The biophenols and pigments, initially absent in the refined oil, were detected in COF. The addition of orange or lemon fruits to the corn oil had no effects on oil stability, while the volatile profile in the headspace of flavoured oils showed the presence of several terpenes that were originally absent, among them: limonene; γ-terpinene; α-pinene and β-pinene. The sensory results confirmed that positive attributes and the acceptability of the unflavored corn oil can be improved by increasing amounts of both fruits.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Óleo comercial de milho refinado foi adicionado com limão e laranja frescos para produzir óleos de milho aromatizados (FCO), que foram caracterizados por seus parâmetros de qualidade, perfil de ácidos graxos e concentrações menores de componentes. A análise sensorial foi realizada por um painel, utilizando a análise descritiva quantitativa e escala hedônica. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de frutas cítricas não afetou os índices de qualidade dos óleos, cumprindo os requisitos para comercialização. Os biofenóis e pigmentos inicialmente ausentes no óleo refinado foram detectados no FCO. A adição de laranja ou limão ao óleo de milho não teve efeito sobre a estabilidade do óleo, enquanto o perfil volátil no headspace dos óleos aromatizados mostrou a presença de diversos terpenos originalmente ausentes, dentre os quais o limoneno, o γ-terpineno e o α e β-pineno. Os resultados sensoriais confirmaram que os atributos positivos e a aceitabilidade do óleo de milho sem sabor podem ser melhorados pela adição de quantidades aumentadas de ambos os frutos.

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          Most cited references19

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          HPLC determination of organic acids, sugars, phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacity of orange juice and orange wine made from a Turkish cv. Kozan

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            Identification of aroma active compounds in orange essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

            Using GC-MS and GC-flame ionization detection (FID)/olfactometry, 95 volatile components were detected in orange essence oil, of which 55 were aroma active. In terms of FID peak area the most abundant compounds were: limonene, 94.5%; myrcene, 1%; valencene, 0.8%; linalool, 0.7%, and octanal, decanal, and ethyl butyrate, 0.3% each. One hundred percent of the aroma activity was generated by slightly more than 4% of the total volatiles. The most intense aromas were produced by octanal, wine lactone, linalool, decanal, beta-ionone, citronellal, and beta-sinensal. Potent aroma components reported for the first time in orange essence oil include: E-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-ol, Z-4-decenal, E,E-2,4-nonadienal, guaiacol, gamma-octalactone, and m-cresol. Over 20 compounds were identified for the first time in orange essence oil using MS, however, most did not exhibit aroma activity.
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              Polyphenolic compounds: interactions with the gut and implications for human health.

              Polyphenolic compounds are abundant throughout the plant kingdom and are found in a wide variety of human foods. The flavonoids, which are the best defined group of polyphenols in the human diet, themselves comprise a large and complex group, all of which contain a three-ring structure with two aromatic centres and a central oxygenated heterocycle. Recent evidence suggests that significant quantities of quercetin and possibly myricetin and kaempferol are absorbed in the gut. A larger fraction probably remains in the lumen, and thus a substantial proportion of the gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to biologically significant concentrations of these compounds. A substantial body of experimental work has established that flavonoids can suppress carcinogenesis in animal models and there is considerable interest in the biological effects of these compounds at the cellular level. Flavonoids interact with cellular signal pathways controlling the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Their potentially antineoplastic effects include antioxidant activity, induction of Phase II enzyme activity, inhibition of protein kinases and interactions with Type II estrogen binding sites. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds may play a role in the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancers in general, and they appear to have considerable potential for pharmaceutical uses as chemopreventive agents against neoplastic changes in the alimentary tract. Future research should therefore focus on the biological effects of flavonoids in the human body, using biomarkers to define their effects at each stage in the onset of neoplasia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjft
                Brazilian Journal of Food Technology
                Braz. J. Food Technol.
                Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1981-6723
                2020
                : 23
                : e2019054
                Affiliations
                [01] Maracay orgnameUniversidad Central de Venezuela orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía Venezuela
                [02] Maracay orgnameUniversidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador orgdiv1Departamento de Química Venezuela
                Article
                S1981-67232020000100411 S1981-6723(20)02300000411
                10.1590/1981-6723.05419
                97ea51a0-9384-4799-8b10-95554febb12c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 July 2019
                : 25 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Citrus fruits,Volatiles,Voláteis,Análise sensorial,Aromatized oil,Óleo aromatizado,Sensory analysis,Frutas cítricas

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