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      Medicinal Plants Used for Treating Reproductive Health Care Problems in Cameroon, Central Africa 1

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          Abstract

          Medicinal Plants Used for Treating Reproductive Health Care Problems in Cameroon, Central Africa. Approximately 80% of the African population uses traditional plants to deal with health problems, basically because of their easy accessibility and affordability. This study was carried out to document indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by traditional healers and elders in the treatment of reproductive health care in the Bamboutos Division of the West Region in Cameroon, Central Africa. The research methods used included semi–structured interviews and participative field observations. For the interviews, 70 knowledgeable respondents (40 traditional healers and 30 elders) were selected via purposive sampling. Voucher specimens were collected with the help of respondents, processed into the Cameroon National Herbarium in Yaoundé following standard methods, identified with the help of pertinent floras and taxonomic experts, and submitted to Department of Botany at the University of Dschang. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize ethnobotanical information obtained. Informant consensus factors (ICF) were used to elucidate the agreement among informants on the species to be used in the treatment within a category of illness. The results showed that a total of 70 plant species from 37 families (mostly of the Asteraceae [8 species], Euphorbiaceae [7], and Acanthaceae and Bignoniaceae [4 each]) are used in the treatment of 27 reproductive ailments, with the highest number of species (37) being used against venereal diseases, followed by female (29) and male infertility (21), respectively. Leaves (47.3%) were the most commonly harvested plant parts and the most common growth forms harvested were the herbs (45.7%), followed by shrubs (30%). Sixty percent of plant material was obtained from the wild ecosystems. Herbal remedies were mostly prepared in the form of decoction (66.2%) and were taken mainly orally. Informant consensus about usages of medicinal plants ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 with an average value of 0.91. It can be concluded that medicinal plants have played and will continue to play major roles in the management of reproductive healthcare in the study area.

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          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12231-016-9344-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Translated abstract

          Plantes médicinales utilisées dans le traitement des affections des organes reproducteurs au Cameroun, Afrique Centrale. Approximativement, 80% de la population africaine utilisent les plantes pour résoudre leurs problèmes de santé. Cette large utilisation des plantes est attribuée à l’accessibilité et à leurs faibles coûts. Afin de contribuer à la documentation de ce riche héritage, une enquête ethnopharmacologique a été réalisée dans diverses localités du Département des Bamboutos, Ouest Cameroun, au sujet des plantes utilisées contre les affections des organes reproducteurs.Un total de 70 informateurs (40 guérisseurs et 30 personnes âgées)ont été consultés. A l’issu de l’enquête, 70 espèces de plantes appartenant à 64 genres et 37 familles botaniques avec une prédominance des familles des Asteraceae (8 espèces), des Euphorbiaceae (7), et des Acanthaceae et Bignoniaceae (4 espèces chacune) ont été répertoriées. Ces plantes sont employées pour traiter 27 affections des organes reproducteurs, avec en premier rang les maladies vénériennes qui utilisent 37 espèces, suivi de l’infertilité chez les femmes et les hommes, 29 et 21 espèces respectivement.La majorité (60%) de ces plantes est récoltée dans des jachères ou îlots forestières. Les types morphologiques les plus utilisés sont des herbes (45,7%), suivi des arbustes (30%). Les feuilles (47,3%) constituent la partie la plus utilisée, suivi des écorces (22,3%), plantes entières (19,7%), des tiges (5,2%), des tubercules (2,6%) et des inflorescences et fruits (1,3% chacun). La majorité de remèdes est préparée sous forme de décoction (66,2%) et sont majoritairement employées par voie orale, particulièrement en boisson. Les valeurs de consensus vis–à–vis des usages des différentes plantes sont comprises entre 0,5–1 avec une valeur moyenne de 0,91.Les plantes demeurent la seule source de médicament bio–disponible dans la zone d’étude et se verifie d’une part par l’usage accrue des herbes. Toutefois, elles peuvent servir de matière première pour la fabrication des médicaments modernes.

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          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12231-016-9344-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references63

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          Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

          An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to collect information from traditional healers on the use of medicinal plants in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu during October 2003 to April 2004. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers and the native plants used for medicinal purposes were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews during field trips. The investigation revealed that, the traditional healers used 85 species of plants distributed in 76 genera belonging to 41 families to treat various diseases. The documented medicinal plants were mostly used to cure skin diseases, poison bites, stomachache and nervous disorders. In this study the most dominant family was Euphorbiaceae and leaves were most frequently used for the treatment of diseases. This study showed that many people in the studied parts of Kancheepuram district still continue to depend on medicinal plants at least for the treatment of primary healthcare. The traditional healers are dwindling in number and there is a grave danger of traditional knowledge disappearing soon since the younger generation is not interested to carry on this tradition.
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            An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Wonago Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia

            Background Medicinal plants are the integral part of the variety of cultures in Ethiopia and have been used over many centuries. Hence, the aim of this study is to document the medicinal plants in the natural vegetation and home gardens in Wonago Woreda, Gedeo Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR). Materials and methods Thirty healers were selected to collect data on management of medicinal plants using semi-structured interview, group discussion, and field observation. The distribution of plant species in the study areas was surveyed, and preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, priority ranking of factors and Informant consensus factor (ICF) were calculated. Results The informants categorized the vegetation into five community types based on plant density and associated landform: 'Raqqa', 'Hakka cadanaba', 'Mancchha', 'Bullukko', and 'Wodae gido'. 155 plant species were collected from the natural vegetation and 65 plant species from the home gardens ('Gattae Oduma'). Seventy-two plant species were documented as having medicinal value: Sixty-five (71%) from natural vegetation and 27 (29%) from home gardens. Forty-five (62%) were used for humans, 15(21%) for livestock and 13(18%) for treating both human and livestock ailments: 35 (43.2%) were Shrubs, 28(34.5%) herbs, 17 (20.9%) trees and 1(1.2%) climbers. The root (35.8%) was the most commonly used plant part. The category: malaria, fever and headache had the highest 0.82 ICF. Agricultural expansion (24.4%) in the area was found to be the main threat for medicinal plants followed by fire wood collection (18.8%). Peoples' culture and spiritual beliefs somehow helped in the conservation of medicinal plants. Conclusion Traditional healers still depend largely on naturally growing plant species and the important medicinal plants are under threat. The documented medicinal plants can serve as a basis for further studies on the regions medicinal plants knowledge and for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
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              Knowledge and use of medicinal plants by local specialists in an region of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil)

              The study of local knowledge about natural resources is becoming increasingly important in defining strategies and actions for conservation or recuperation of residual forests. This study therefore sought to: collect information from local populations concerning the use of Atlantic Forest medicinal plants; verify the sources of medicinal plants used; determine the relative importance of the species surveyed, and; calculate the informant consensus factor in relation to medicinal plant use. Data was obtained using semi-structured forms to record the interviewee's personal information and topics related to the medicinal use of specific plants. The material collected represent 125 plants, distributed among 61 botanical families, with little participation of native plants. This study demonstrated that local people tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants used to treat blood-related problems, but cite a much more diverse group of plants to treat problems related to the respiratory and digestive systems – two important categories in studies undertaken in different parts of the world. The local medicinal flora is largely based on plants that are either cultivated or obtained from anthropogenic zones, possibly due to the use and access restrictions of the legally protected neighboring forest. Despite these restrictions, the species with the highest use-value by this community was Pithecellobium cochliocarpum (Gomez) Macb., a native plant of the Atlantic Forest.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tsobouroger@yahoo.fr
                Journal
                Econ Bot
                Econ. Bot
                Economic Botany
                Springer US (New York )
                0013-0001
                17 May 2016
                17 May 2016
                2016
                : 70
                : 145-159
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Plant Biology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
                [ ]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
                [ ]Department of Plant Production, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
                [ ]Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical Agrisciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
                Article
                9344
                10.1007/s12231-016-9344-0
                4927590
                27429475
                9865f0d3-6169-46fe-806a-8a77f60dd640
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 30 March 2015
                : 1 May 2016
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                Custom metadata
                © The New York Botanical Garden 2016

                Agricultural economics & Resource management
                ethnobotanical,medicinal plants,traditional healers,reproductive healthcare,venereal diseases,fertility problems,west region cameroon

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