Más allá de la socialización y de la sociabilidad: jóvenes y bachillerato en México

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Abstract

Resumen El artículo presenta la línea de investigación sobre jóvenes y escuela en México. La línea busca construir un puente entre los estudios sobre alumnos y los estudios sobre jóvenes: los estudiantes son a la vez jóvenes y gran parte de la vida juvenil se desarrolla en la escuela. Se enfoca la doble condición de ser estudiante y de ser joven, pero también la condición de ser adolescente hijo o hija de familia. El artículo da cuenta del desarrollo de la línea de investigación y establece desde sus hallazgos una discusión con dos conceptos: el concepto de socialización en los estudios sobre alumnos y el concepto de sociabilidad en el campo de los estudios sobre jóvenes, a la vez que propone restituir el concepto de subjetivación. Se presenta el enfoque metodológico de esta línea de investigación que combina elementos de la tradición etnográfica con elementos de la tradición hermenéutica. En una primera parte el artículo muestra los hallazgos de las investigaciones sobre el sentido del bachillerato y discute desde ahí los límites del concepto de socialización. En una segunda parte presenta los hallazgos sobre la escuela como espacio juvenil. En este espacio se despliegan procesos de socialización y sociabilidad, pero más allá de lo que comprenden estos conceptos es necesario conceptualizar los procesos de subjetivación. Estos procesos no son solitarios: los jóvenes comparten con compañeros, amigos y novios vivencias y conversan sobre ellas. La conversación es una forma privilegiada de reflexión y convierte las vivencias en experiencias que permiten crecer.

Translated abstract

Abstract This article presents the line of research on youth and school in Mexico. Such research attempts to build a bridge between studies on students and studies on youth: students are also young people and spend a large part of their life in school. It focuses on the double condition of being a student and being young, as well as on the condition of being an adolescent son or daughter. The article explains the development of this line of research and uses its findings to establish a discussion of two concepts: the concept of socialization in studies on students, and the concept of sociability in the field of studies on youth, while proposing a return to the concept of subjectivization. I present the methodological focus of this line of research, which combines elements from the ethnographic tradition with elements from the hermeneutic tradition. The initial part of the article brings research findings on the meaning of high school and discusses the limits of the concept of socialization. The second part presents the findings on school as a youthful space—a space where processes of socialization and sociability unfold. However, beyond these concepts, the processes of subjectivization must be conceptualized. Such processes are not solitary: Young people share and talk about their experiences with classmates, friends, and girlfriends/boyfriends. Conversation is a privileged form of reflection and converts experiences into opportunities for growth.

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The Discovery of Grounded Theory

Barney G. Glaser, Anselm L. Strauss (1967)

Most writing on sociological method has been concerned with how accurate facts can be obtained and how theory can thereby be more rigorously tested. In The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss address the equally Important enterprise of how the discovery of theory from data--systematically obtained and analyzed in social research--can be furthered. The discovery of theory from data--grounded theory--is a major task confronting sociology, for such a theory fits empirical situations, and is understandable to sociologists and laymen alike. Most important, it provides relevant predictions, explanations, interpretations, and applications.In Part I of the book, Generation Theory by Comparative Analysis, the authors present a strategy whereby sociologists can facilitate the discovery of grounded theory, both substantive and formal. This strategy involves the systematic choice and study of several comparison groups. In Part II, The Flexible Use of Data, the generation of theory from qualitative, especially documentary, and quantitative data Is considered. In Part III, Implications of Grounded Theory, Glaser and Strauss examine the credibility of grounded theory.The Discovery of Grounded Theory is directed toward improving social scientists' capacity for generating theory that will be relevant to their research. While aimed primarily at sociologists, it will be useful to anyone Interested In studying social phenomena--political, educational, economic, industrial-- especially If their studies are based on qualitative data.