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      Polar bears make little use of terrestrial food webs: evidence from stable-carbon isotope analysis

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      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Oecologia
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal tissues: Implications for ?13C analysis of diet

          L. Tieszen, T. W. Boutton, K. G. Tesdahl … (1983)
          The use of stable carbon isotopes as a means of studying energy flow is increasing in ecology and paleoecology. However, secondary fractionation and turnover of stable isotopes in animals are poorly understood processes. This study shows that tissues of the gerbil (Meriones unguienlatus) have different δ13C values when equilibrated on corn (C4) or wheat (C3) diets with constant 13C/12C contents. Lipids were depleted 3.0‰ and hair was enriched 1.0‰ relative to the C4 diet. Tissue δ13C values were ranked hair>brain>muscle>liver>fat. After changing the gerbils to a wheat (C3) diet, isotope ratios of the tissues shifted in the direction of the δ13C value of the new diet. The rate at which carbon derived from the corn diet was replaced by carbon derived from the wheat diet was adequately described by a negative exponential decay model for all tissues examined. More metabolically active tissues such as liver and fat had more rapid turnover rates than less metabolically active tissues such as hair. The half-life for carbon ranged from 6.4 days in liver to 47.5 days in hair.The results of this study have important implications for the use of δ13C values as indicators of animal diet. Both fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal tissues may obscure the relative contributions of isotopically distinct dietary components (such as C3 vs. C4, or marine vs. terrestrial) if an animal's diet varies through time. These complications deserve attention in any study using stable isotope ratios of animal tissue as dietary indicators and might be minimized by analysis of several tissues or products covering a range of turnover times.
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            Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis.

            M DeNiro, S. Epstein (1977)
            The low carbon-13/carbon-12 ratio of lipids is shown to result from isotopic fractionation during the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. In vitro analysis of the kinetic isotope effects of this reaction indicates that there will be a large, temperature-dependent difference in the carbon-13/carbon-12 ratio between the methyl and carbonyl carbon atoms of acetyl coenzyme A and between those carbon atoms of lipid components which derive from them.
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              Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets.

              Heidi D. Nelson, H Schwarcz, Chris Chisholm (1982)
              The stable-carbon isotope ratios for the flesh of marine and terrestrial animals from Canada's Pacific coast differ by 7.9 +/- 0.4 per mil, reflecting the approximately 7 per mil difference between oceanic and atmospheric carbon. This difference is passed on to human consumers. The carbon isotopic values (delta(13)C) for human collagen thus yield direct information on the relative amounts of marine and terrestrial foods in prehistoric diets.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Oecologia
                Abbreviated Title: Oecologia
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 0029-8549
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-1939
                Publication date Created: 1991
                Publication date (Print): 1991
                Volume: 86
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 598-600
                Article
                DOI: 10.1007/BF00318328
                SO-VID: 98bd6ad6-7f9e-40a3-84c7-a77428d52ea9
                Copyright © © 1991
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