Microwave-Assisted Continuous Flow for the Selective Oligomerization of Glycerol

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Abstract

The continuous oligomerization of glycerol for the formation of polyglycerol was carried out for the first time under microwave activation. In the presence of potassium carbonate, we studied the ease of handling, effects of temperature, flow rate and residence time of an inexpensive homogeneous commercial catalyst. The main linear and branched-chain diglycerol and triglycerol regioisomers were characterized and the quantification of the different isomers was realized. Successive cyclic mode processes followed by short distance distillation allowed the mixture to be enriched with glycerol ethers and thus to obtain a mixture of diglycerol (50.2 wt%), triglycerol (22.1 wt%), tetraglycerol (9.5 wt%), and pentaglycerol (4.3 wt%).

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Most cited references 28

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Glycerol as a sustainable solvent for green chemistry

Yanlong Gu, François Jérôme (2010)

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Flow approaches towards sustainability

Giacomo Strappaveccia, Assunta Marrocchi, Daniela Lanari … (2014)

Green chemistry and flow chemistry are ideal partners for accessing novel chemical spaces and define highly efficient synthetic tools. Green chemistry and flow chemistry are ideal partners for accessing novel chemical spaces and define highly efficient synthetic tools. In this review article contributions have been selected according to the advantages offered in terms of features that are not immediately related to classic green metrics such as minimization of reaction time, optimization for time screening, waste minimization, safety improvement, process intensification and easy scale up, energy and cost efficiency. Such features make processes in flow highly interesting in terms of developing a green and sustainable chemistry.

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Rational design of solid catalysts for the selective use of glycerol as a natural organic building block.

François Jérôme, Yannick Pouilloux, Joël Barrault (2008)

Glycerol is the main co-product of the vegetable oils industry (especially biodiesel). With the rapid development of oleochemistry, the production of glycerol is rapidly increasing and chemists are trying to find new applications of glycerol to encourage a better industrial development of vegetable oils. In this Review, attention is focused on the selective use of glycerol as a safe organic building block for organic chemistry. An overview is given of the different heterogeneous catalytic routes developed by chemists for the successful and environmentally friendly use of glycerol in sustainable organic chemistry. In particular, the effects of different catalyst structural parameters are discussed to clearly highlight how catalysis can help organic chemists to overcome the drawbacks stemming from the use of glycerol as a safe organic building block. It is shown that heterogeneous catalysis offers efficient routes for bypassing the traditional use of highly toxic and expensive epichlorohydrin, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, or glycidol, which are usually used as a glyceryl donor in organic chemistry.