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      Association between the interferon-γ +874T/A polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection: a meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          Objective

          This study investigated the correlation between the interferon (IFN)-γ +874T/A polymorphism and hepatitis B virus (HBV) susceptibility using meta-analysis.

          Methods

          PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, and China Wanfang databases were searched for case–control studies investigating the IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism and HBV susceptibility from the time of database establishment to April 2020. Stata 15.0 software was used, and the subgroups of ethnicity and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed.

          Results

          Thirteen articles were included in this study. Significant differences were seen in the allelic model, dominant model, homozygous model, and heterozygous model, but heterogeneity was high. Analysis of the East Asian population revealed combined odds ratios of the allelic model (T vs. A), dominant model (TT + TA vs. AA), homozygous model (TT vs. AA), and heterozygous model (TA vs. AA) of 0.61, 0.56, 0.50, and 0.59, respectively. The difference was significant and the heterogeneity low. The recessive model showed no significance in the overall comparison, or in East Asian and Caucasian populations.

          Conclusions

          The IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism is associated with the risk of HBV, especially in the East Asian population. Individuals with the T allele and TT and TA genotypes have a reduced risk of HBV infection.

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          Most cited references30

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          A single nucleotide polymorphism in the first intron of the human IFN-gamma gene: absolute correlation with a polymorphic CA microsatellite marker of high IFN-gamma production.

          V Pravica, Juyong Lee, Miriam I Hutchinson … (2000)
          We have described previously a variable length CA repeat sequence in the first intron of the human IFN-gamma gene and showed that allele #2 is associated with high in vitro IFN-gamma production. In a consecutive study, allele #2 was found to be associated with allograft fibrosis in lung transplant patients, confirming its role as a marker of high IFN-gamma production, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study we have sequenced 50 PCR products that had been typed previously by PAGE for the identification of CA microsatellite alleles. We report on a novel single nucleotide polymorphism, T to A, at the 5' end of the CA repeat region in the first intron of the human IFN-gamma gene (+874*T/A). There is an absolute correlation between the presence of T allele and the presence of the high-producing microsatellite allele #2. This T to A polymorphism coincides with a putative NF-kappa B binding site which might have functional consequences for the transcription of the human IFN-gamma gene. Therefore, the T to A polymorphism could directly influence the level of IFN-gamma production associated with the CA microsatellite marker.
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            In vitro production of IFN-gamma correlates with CA repeat polymorphism in the human IFN-gamma gene.

            A. Hajeer, V Pravica, A Asderakis … (1999)
            The DNA sequence of the human IFN-gamma gene shows the presence of a variable-length CA repeat in the first intron of the gene. We investigated the allele distribution of this microsatellite region in 164 unrelated healthy individuals, and the association with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. In vitro production of IFN-gamma showed a significant correlation with the presence of allele #2.
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              Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection

              Manoochehr Makvandi (2016)
              The event of mutations in the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) results in undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen with positive/negative anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibody status in serum and this phenomenon is named occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). The presence of anti-HBc antibody in serum is an important key for OBI tracking, although about 20% of OBI cases are negative for anti-HBc antibody. The diagnosis of OBI is mainly based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, real-time PCR is a more reliable method than PCR. OBI is a great issue for the public health problem and a challenge for the clinical entity worldwide. The persistence of OBI may lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With regard to OBI complications, the screening of HBV DNA by the highly sensitive molecular means should be implemented for: (1) patients with a previous history of chronic or acute HBV infection; (2) patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus; (3) patients undergoing chemotherapy or anti-CD20 therapy; (4) recipients of organ transplant; (5) blood donors; (6) organ transplant donors; (7) thalassemia and hemophilia patients; (8) health care workers; (9) patients with liver related disease (cryptogenic); (10) hemodialysis patients; (11) patients undergoing lamivudine or interferon therapy; and (12) children in time of HBV vaccination especially in highly endemic areas of HBV. Active HBV vaccination should be implemented for the close relatives of patients who are negative for OBI markers. Thus, the goal of this review is to evaluate the rate of OBI with a focus on status of high risk groups in different regions of the world.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Med Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Int. Med. Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IMR
                Journal ID (hwp): spimr
                Title: The Journal of International Medical Research
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Print): 0300-0605
                ISSN (Electronic): 1473-2300
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 August 2020
                Publication date Collection: August 2020
                Volume: 48
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 0300060520945511
                Affiliations
                [1-0300060520945511]Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
                Author notes
                [*]Liang Li, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China. Email: 4011089@ 123456csu.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-4393
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_0300060520945511
                DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945511
                PMC ID: 7427031
                PubMed ID: 32790527
                SO-VID: 9cac1401-8017-4104-8c5b-4c76a72e989d
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 24 April 2020
                Date accepted : 6 July 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Meta Analysis
                Custom metadata
                typesetter ts2

                Keywords: hepatitis b virus,interferon-γ,polymorphism,meta-analysis,east asian population,t allele
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hepatitis b virus, interferon-γ, polymorphism, meta-analysis, east asian population, t allele

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