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      Reflexões temáticas sobre eqüidade e saúde: o caso do SUS Translated title: Refletions about health equity: the case of Unified Health System of Brazil

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          Abstract

          Foi realizada uma análise do conceito de eqüidade, bem como sobre as implicações práticas de suas várias acepções. Foram encontrados dois principais sentidos para o conceito de eqüidade: um genérico e equivalente ao de justiça e igualdade; e o segundo, mais específico, pelo qual eqüidade se refere à capacidade de estabelecer julgamento e tratamento conforme a singularidade de cada situação. Realizou-se uma revisão de estudos sobre eqüidade e saúde, encontrando-se que o primeiro sentido tem predominado ao se relacionar eqüidade e políticas sociais. Avaliações realizadas sobre a eqüidade no SUS, na última década, encontraram elementos de avanço e áreas em que persistem desigualdades de acesso, financiamento e utilização de serviços.

          Translated abstract

          A conceptual analysis of equity and pragmatic implications of their several notions was made. Two main meanings were found: a general one, when the sense of equity is very similar to justice and equality; and a second related to the notion of singular situation and to difference between subjects. It was found that on the health area the first meaning is more used. A revision about equity evaluation during the last decade concerned with the Unique Health System (SUS) was undertaken. Positive results were found on services' access and utilization, but areas with iniquities persist.

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          The concepts and principles of equity and health.

          In 1984, the 32 member states of the World Health Organization European Region took a remarkable step forward in agreeing unanimously on 38 targets for a common health policy for the Region. Not only was equity the subject of the first of these targets, but it was also seen as a fundamental theme running right through the policy as a whole. However, equity can mean different things to different people. This article looks at the concepts and principles of equity as understood in the context of the World Health Organization's Health for All policy. After considering the possible causes of the differences in health observed in populations--some of them inevitable and some unnecessary and unfair--the author discusses equity in relation to health care, concentrating on issues of access to care, utilization, and quality. Lastly, seven principles for action are outlined, stemming from these concepts, to be borne in mind when designing or implementing policies, so that greater equity in health and health care can be promoted.
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            Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil

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              Improving equity in health: a research agenda.

              Equity in health and health care have become important priorities for the world. If efforts at achieving equity are to have any basis in evidence concerning which strategies are likely to work, a research agenda is necessary. An adequate research agenda requires a knowledge of what the problem is, an understanding of the genesis and correlates of the problem, methods to measure these correlates, and rigorous testing of alternative explanations and interventions. This article presents a working definition of equity in health and health services, a conceptual framework in which to view the various types of influence on health and distribution of health in populations, a summary of evidence on the effects of some of these categories, and a research agenda for guiding efforts to improve knowledge on which to base interventions that enhance the attainment of equity. Because of their relative neglect in the existing literature on equity in health, the special roles of political forces and of primary care as a particularly key element of health services are stressed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sausoc
                Saúde e Sociedade
                Saude soc.
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. (São Paulo )
                1984-0470
                August 2006
                : 15
                : 2
                : 23-33
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                S0104-12902006000200004
                10.1590/S0104-12902006000200004
                9dc66ced-4d2a-4983-9e9a-6b59cd20ac47

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-1290&lng=en
                Categories
                PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

                Public health
                Eqüidade,Equity,Health Systems,Social Policies,Sistema de saúde,Políticas sociais
                Public health
                Eqüidade, Equity, Health Systems, Social Policies, Sistema de saúde, Políticas sociais

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