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      Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: a critical commentary on Petryet al. (2014) : Assessment of internet gaming disorder

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">This commentary paper critically discusses the recent debate paper by Petry et al. (2014) that argued there was now an international consensus for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Our collective opinions vary considerably regarding many different aspects of online gaming. However, we contend that the paper by Petry and colleagues does not provide a true and representative international community of researchers in this area. This paper critically discusses and provides commentary on (i) the representativeness of the international group that wrote the ‘consensus’ paper, and (ii) each of the IGD criteria. The paper also includes a brief discussion on initiatives that could be taken to move the field towards consensus. It is hoped that this paper will foster debate in the IGD field and lead to improved theory, better methodologically designed studies, and more robust empirical evidence as regards problematic gaming and its psychosocial consequences and impact. </p>

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          An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach.

          Nancy M Petry, Florian Rehbein, Douglas A. Gentile … (2014)
          For the first time, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduces non-substance addictions as psychiatric diagnoses. The aims of this paper are to (i) present the main controversies surrounding the decision to include internet gaming disorder, but not internet addiction more globally, as a non-substance addiction in the research appendix of the DSM-5, and (ii) discuss the meaning behind the DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder. The paper also proposes a common method for assessing internet gaming disorder. Although the need for common diagnostic criteria is not debated, the existence of multiple instruments reflect the divergence of opinions in the field regarding how best to diagnose this condition. We convened international experts from European, North and South American, Asian and Australasian countries to discuss and achieve consensus about assessing internet gaming disorder as defined within DSM-5. We describe the intended meaning behind each of the nine DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder and present a single item that best reflects each criterion, translated into the 10 main languages of countries in which research on this condition has been conducted. Using results from this cross-cultural collaboration, we outline important research directions for understanding and assessing internet gaming disorder. As this field moves forward, it is critical that researchers and clinicians around the world begin to apply a common methodology; this report is the first to achieve an international consensus related to the assessment of internet gaming disorder. © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.
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            The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review.

            V Carli, T Durkee, D. Wasserman … (2013)
            Pathological Internet use (PIU) has been conceptualized as an impulse-control disorder that shares characteristics with behavioral addiction. Research has indicated a potential link between PIU and psychopathology; however, the significance of the correlation remains ambiguous. The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate studies performed on the correlation between PIU and comorbid psychopathology; the secondary aims were to map the geographical distribution of studies, present a current synthesis of the evidence, and assess the quality of available research. An electronic literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsychINFO, Global Health, and Web of Science. PIU and known synonyms were included in the search. Data were extracted based on PIU and psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive symptoms, social phobia and hostility/aggression. Effect sizes for the correlations observed were identified from either the respective publication or calculated using Cohen's d or R(2). The potential effect of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot model and evaluated by Egger's test based on a linear regression. The majority of research was conducted in Asia and comprised cross-sectional designs. Only one prospective study was identified. Twenty articles met the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria; 75% reported significant correlations of PIU with depression, 57% with anxiety, 100% with symptoms of ADHD, 60% with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and 66% with hostility/aggression. No study reported associations between PIU and social phobia. The majority of studies reported a higher rate of PIU among males than females. The relative risks ranged from an OR of 1.02 to an OR of 11.66. The strongest correlations were observed between PIU and depression; the weakest was hostility/aggression. Depression and symptoms of ADHD appeared to have the most significant and consistent correlation with PIU. Associations were reported to be higher among males in all age groups. Limitations included heterogeneity in the definition and diagnosis of PIU. More studies with prospective designs in Western countries are critically needed. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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              Prevalence of Internet gaming disorder in German adolescents: diagnostic contribution of the nine DSM-5 criteria in a state-wide representative sample.

              Florian Rehbein, Sören Kliem, Dirk Baier … (2015)
              Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is included as a condition for further study in Section 3 of the DSM-5. Nine criteria were proposed with a threshold of five or more criteria recommended for diagnosis. The aims of this study were to assess how the specific criteria contribute to diagnosis and to estimate prevalence rates of IGD based on DSM-5 recommendations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Addiction
                Abbreviated Title: Addiction
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN: 09652140
                Publication date Created: January 2016
                Publication date (Print): January 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): December 16 2015
                Volume: 111
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 167-175
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham UK
                [2 ]iMinds-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent; Belgium
                [3 ]Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
                [4 ]University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
                [5 ]Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
                [6 ]University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
                [7 ]Mainz University; Mainz Germany
                [8 ]Johns Hopkins University; Baltomore MD USA
                [9 ]University of California Berkeley; CA USA
                [10 ]University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
                [11 ]Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
                [12 ]Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain Belgium
                [13 ]University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
                [14 ]University of Münster; Münster Germany
                [15 ]Universidad Ramon Llull; Barcelona Spain
                [16 ]Stetson University; DeLand FL USA
                [17 ]Yale University; New Haven CT USA
                [18 ]McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
                [19 ]University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
                [20 ]Middlesex University; Hendon UK
                [21 ]University of Derby; Derby UK
                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/add.13057
                PMC ID: 5699464
                PubMed ID: 26669530
                SO-VID: 9f047636-d11f-41a0-a80a-0f56dd99eed7
                Copyright © © 2015
                License:

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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