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      Abordaje de control de daños y reanimación reducida del paciente pediátrico politraumatizado en urgencias. Translated title: Damage control approach and reduced resuscitation of the polytraumatized pediatric patient in the emergency room

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El politrauma en el paciente pediátrico es un evento frecuente por lo que su abordaje y manejo oportuno definen el pronóstico del mismo. Se define como politrauma a la presencia de dos o más lesiones traumáticas o una sola que pone en peligro la vida o existe el riesgo de secuelas graves; la reanimación se entiende como el restablecimiento de las funciones vitales del paciente en el área prehospitalaria hasta el área hospitalaria encaminados a evitar el daño causado por la pentada mortal del trauma (coagulopatía, acidosis, hipotermia, hiperglicemia e hipoxia) por lo que se realizó el protocolo de control de daños el cual es referido a todas la maniobras que tiene el fin de preservar la vida, pero sin llevar a cabo reparaciones definitivas con el objetivo de mitigar complicaciones derivadas del estado de choque prolongado, secundario a un tiempo quirúrgico prolongado que postergaba la reanimación adecuada, ésta reanimación reducida consta de 6 indicaciones precisas para su realización, siendo abordado desde el TEP (Triangulo de evaluación pediátrica) y protocolo MARCHDEF (Hemorragias masivas, Vía aérea, Respiración, Circulación, Hipotermia, Déficit Neurológico, Glicemia, Dolor, Exposición, FAST).

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Polytrauma in pediatric patients is a frequent event, so its timely approach and management define its prognosis. Polytrauma is defined as the presence of two or more traumatic injuries or a single one that endangers life or there is a risk of serious sequelae; resuscitation is understood as the restoration of vital functions of the patient in the pre-hospital area to the hospital area aimed at avoiding the damage caused by the fatal pentad of trauma (coagulopathy, acidosis, hypothermia, hyperglycemia and hypoxemia) for which the damage control protocol was carried out, which is referred as all the maneuvers that have the purpose of preserving life, but without carrying out definitive repairs in order to mitigate complications derived from the prolonged state of shock, secondary to a prolonged surgical time that postponed adequate resuscitation, this reduced resuscitation consists of 6 precise indications for its performance, being approached from the TEP (Pediatric Evaluation Triangle) and the MARCHDEF protocol (Massive Bleeding, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Hypothermia, Neurological Deficit, Glycemia, Pain, Exposure, FAST).

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          Most cited references23

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          Part 14: pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.

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            The pediatric assessment triangle: a novel approach for the rapid evaluation of children.

            The Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) has become the cornerstone for the Pediatric Education for Prehospital Professionals course, sponsored by the American Academy of Pediatrics. This concept for emergency assessment of children has been taught to more than 170,000 health care providers worldwide. It has been incorporated into most standardized American life support courses, including the Pediatric Advanced Life Support course, Advanced Pediatric Life Support course, and the Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course. The PAT is a rapid and simple observational tool suitable for emergency pediatric assessment regardless of presenting complaint or underlying diagnosis. This article describes the PAT and its role in emergency pediatric assessment.
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              Pediatric airway management.

              Pediatric airway problems are seen commonly in pediatric and general emergency departments, management of the pediatric airway is often stressful to providers. This article reviews the pediatric airway, highlighting the anatomic and physiologic differences between infant, pediatric and adult airways, and how these differences impact assessment and management of the pediatric airway.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfmh
                Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana
                Rev. Fac. Med. Hum.
                Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP) (Lima, , Peru )
                1814-5469
                2308-0531
                July 2021
                : 21
                : 3
                : 631-644
                Affiliations
                [2] Monterrey, N.L orgnameHospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia, IMSS México
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameHospital Pediátrico Peralvillo SSCDMX México
                Article
                S2308-05312021000300631 S2308-0531(21)02100300631
                10.25176/rfmh.v21i3.4016
                9f5fddcc-4937-48b1-8af7-7836c845e411

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 May 2021
                : 14 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículo de revisión

                TEP,Polytrauma,Damage control,Reduced resuscitation,MARCHDEF (source: MeSH NLM).,Politrauma,Control de daños,Reanimación reducida,MARCHDEF. (Fuente: DeCS - BIREME)

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