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      Genome editing for horticultural crop improvement

      review-article
      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Horticulture Research
      Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK
      Keywords: Agricultural genetics, Transgenic plants

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          Abstract

          Horticultural crops provide humans with many valuable products. The improvement of the yield and quality of horticultural crops has been receiving increasing research attention. Given the development and advantages of genome-editing technologies, research that uses genome editing to improve horticultural crops has substantially increased in recent years. Here, we briefly review the different genome-editing systems used in horticultural research with a focus on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. We also summarize recent progress in the application of genome editing for horticultural crop improvement. The combination of rapidly advancing genome-editing technology with breeding will greatly increase horticultural crop production and quality.

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          Efficient In Vivo Genome Editing Using RNA-Guided Nucleases

          Woong Hwang, Yanfang Fu, Deepak Reyon … (2013)
          Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems have evolved in bacteria and archaea as a defense mechanism to silence foreign nucleic acids of viruses and plasmids. Recent work has shown that bacterial type II CRISPR systems can be adapted to create guide RNAs (gRNAs) capable of directing site-specific DNA cleavage by the Cas9 nuclease in vitro. Here we show that this system can function in vivo to induce targeted genetic modifications in zebrafish embryos with efficiencies comparable to those obtained using ZFNs and TALENs for the same genes. RNA-guided nucleases robustly enabled genome editing at 9 of 11 different sites tested, including two for which TALENs previously failed to induce alterations. These results demonstrate that programmable CRISPR/Cas systems provide a simple, rapid, and highly scalable method for altering genes in vivo, opening the door to using RNA-guided nucleases for genome editing in a wide range of organisms.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1053 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Efficient design and assembly of custom TALEN and other TAL effector-based constructs for DNA targeting

            Tomas Cermak, Erin L. Doyle, Michelle Christian … (2011)
            TALENs are important new tools for genome engineering. Fusions of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors of plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. to the FokI nuclease, TALENs bind and cleave DNA in pairs. Binding specificity is determined by customizable arrays of polymorphic amino acid repeats in the TAL effectors. We present a method and reagents for efficiently assembling TALEN constructs with custom repeat arrays. We also describe design guidelines based on naturally occurring TAL effectors and their binding sites. Using software that applies these guidelines, in nine genes from plants, animals and protists, we found candidate cleavage sites on average every 35 bp. Each of 15 sites selected from this set was cleaved in a yeast-based assay with TALEN pairs constructed with our reagents. We used two of the TALEN pairs to mutate HPRT1 in human cells and ADH1 in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. Our reagents include a plasmid construct for making custom TAL effectors and one for TAL effector fusions to additional proteins of interest. Using the former, we constructed de novo a functional analog of AvrHah1 of Xanthomonas gardneri. The complete plasmid set is available through the non-profit repository AddGene and a web-based version of our software is freely accessible online.
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              Targeting DNA double-strand breaks with TAL effector nucleases.

              Michelle Christian, Tomas Cermak, Erin L. Doyle … (2010)
              Engineered nucleases that cleave specific DNA sequences in vivo are valuable reagents for targeted mutagenesis. Here we report a new class of sequence-specific nucleases created by fusing transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to the catalytic domain of the FokI endonuclease. Both native and custom TALE-nuclease fusions direct DNA double-strand breaks to specific, targeted sites.
              Article 0 comments Cited 627 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Zhaobo Lang: zblang@sibs.ac.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Hortic Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Hortic Res
                Title: Horticulture Research
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2052-7276
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 October 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 8 October 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 113
                Affiliations
                ISNI 0000000119573309, GRID grid.9227.e, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, , Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shanghai, 200032 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 196
                DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0196-5
                PMC ID: 6804600
                PubMed ID: 31645967
                SO-VID: 9f865b49-ac16-4957-af6d-da1717801abe
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 25 April 2019
                Date revision received : 18 July 2019
                Date accepted : 13 August 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                Keywords: agricultural genetics,transgenic plants
                Data availability:
                Keywords: agricultural genetics, transgenic plants

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