First molecular detection of group A rotavirus in urban and hospital sewage systems by nested-RT PCR in Shiraz, Iran

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Group A rotaviruses are the most significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Rotaviruses are shed in high numbers and dispersed widely throughout bodies of water in the environment. This represents a significant health hazard for humans, mainly due to the stability of the viruses during wastewater treatment processes. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of rotaviruses, to determine G genotypes of circulating rotaviruses and to assess the efficiency of rotavirus removal in urban and hospital sewage treatment plants in Shiraz, Iran.

Materials and methods

During the period from October 2010 to June 2011, a total of sixty sewage samples from urban and hospital sewage disposal systems were collected by Grab Sampling in Shiraz, Iran. All the samples were concentrated in pellet form and two-phase methods and then group A rotaviruses were investigated with enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Rotavirus-positive specimens were genotyped by the nested RT-PCR and by using different types of specific primers.

Results

In total, rotaviruses were identified in 25% (15 cases) of sewage samples, representing 73.33% (11 cases) of influent and 26.67% (4 cases) of effluent systems. The frequency of rotavirus detection in autumn, winter and spring was 46.67%, 33.33% and 20%, respectively ( P= 0.004). The most common circulating genotype was G1 (73.33%), followed by G1G4 (20%) and non-typeable (6.67%), respectively.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of rotaviruses in urban and hospital sewage systems highlights the importance of environmental surveillance as a tool to detect new genotypes and to investigate the epidemiology of rotaviruses circulating in the community.

Related collections

Most cited references 23

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Global Illness and Deaths Caused by Rotavirus Disease in Children

Umesh D Parashar, Erik Hummelman, Joseph Bresee … (2003)

To estimate the global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease, we reviewed studies published from 1986 to 2000 on deaths caused by diarrhea and on rotavirus infections in children. We assessed rotavirus-associated illness in three clinical settings (mild cases requiring home care alone, moderate cases requiring a clinic visit, and severe cases requiring hospitalization) and death rates in countries in different World Bank income groups. Each year, rotavirus causes approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis requiring only home care, 25 million clinic visits, 2 million hospitalizations, and 352,000–592,000 deaths (median, 440,000 deaths) in children <5 years of age. By age 5, nearly every child will have an episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis, 1 in 5 will visit a clinic, 1 in 60 will be hospitalized, and approximately 1 in 293 will die. Children in the poorest countries account for 82% of rotavirus deaths. The tremendous incidence of rotavirus disease underscores the urgent need for interventions, such as vaccines, to prevent childhood deaths in developing nations.

0 comments Cited 389 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Molecular detection of pathogens in water--the pros and cons of molecular techniques.

Rosina Girones, Maria Antonia Ferrús, José Luis Alonso … (2010)

Pollution of water by sewage and run-off from farms produces a serious public health problem in many countries. Viruses, along with bacteria and protozoa in the intestine or in urine are shed and transported through the sewer system. Even in highly industrialized countries, pathogens, including viruses, are prevalent throughout the environment. Molecular methods are used to monitor viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens, and to track pathogen- and source-specific markers in the environment. Molecular techniques, specifically polymerase chain reaction-based methods, provide sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analytical tools with which to study such pathogens, including new or emerging strains. These techniques are used to evaluate the microbiological quality of food and water, and to assess the efficiency of virus removal in drinking and wastewater treatment plants. The range of methods available for the application of molecular techniques has increased, and the costs involved have fallen. These developments have allowed the potential standardization and automation of certain techniques. In some cases they facilitate the identification, genotyping, enumeration, viability assessment, and source-tracking of human and animal contamination. Additionally, recent improvements in detection technologies have allowed the simultaneous detection of multiple targets in a single assay. However, the molecular techniques available today and those under development require further refinement in order to be standardized and applicable to a diversity of matrices. Water disinfection treatments may have an effect on the viability of pathogens and the numbers obtained by molecular techniques may overestimate the quantification of infectious microorganisms. The pros and cons of molecular techniques for the detection and quantification of pathogens in water are discussed. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 98 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants.

Ana Maria C Gaspar, K. Ranil D De Silva, M Miagostovich … (2010)

Hospital wastewater has been described as an important source of spreading pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. However, there are few studies reporting the presence and concentrations of gastroenteric viruses and hepatitis A viruses in these environmental matrices. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination by viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis and hepatitis derived from hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Rotavirus A (RV-A), human adenoviruses (HAdV), norovirus genogroup I and II (NoV GI/GII) and hepatitis A viruses (HAV) were detected and quantified in sewage samples from two WWTPs located in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) that operates different sewage treatments. WWTP-1 uses an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB reactor) and three serial anaerobic filters while WWTP-2 uses aerobic processes, activated sludge with extended aeration and final chlorination of the effluents. Viruses' detection was investigated by using conventional PCR/RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and partial sequencing of the genome of the viruses detected. Rate of viruses detection ranged from 7% (NoV GI in WWTP-1) to 95% (RV-A in WWTP-2) and genome from all viruses were detected. The most prevalent genotypes were RV-A SG I, HAdV species D and F, NoV GII/4 and HAV subgenotype IA. Mean values of viral loads (genome copies (GC)/ml) obtained in filtered effluents from anaerobic process was 1.9 × 10(3) (RV-A), 2.8 × 10(3) (HAdV) and 2.4 × 10(3) (NoV GII). For chlorinated effluents from activated sludge process, the mean values of viral loads (GC/ml) was 1.2 × 10(5) (RV-A), 1.4 × 10(3) (HAdV), 8.1 × 10(2) (NoV GII) and 2.8 × 10(4) (HAV). Data on viral detection in treated effluents of hospital WWTPs confirmed the potential for environmental contamination by viruses and could be useful to establish standards for policies on wastewater management. Copyright Â© 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 37 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Mohammad Kargar

Negin Javdani

Akram Najafi

Yahya Tahamtan

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Environ Health Sci Eng

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Environ Health Sci Eng

Title: Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 2052-336X

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 24 May 2013

Volume: 11

Page: 4

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran

[2 ]Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran

[3 ]Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

[4 ]Department of Virology, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center. Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

[5 ]Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Shiraz, Iran

Article

Publisher ID: 2052-336X-11-4

DOI: 10.1186/2052-336X-11-4

PMC ID: 4176302

PubMed ID: 24499551

SO-VID: 9face4d3-6cd7-4d21-95cc-f295c56b0d60

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

First molecular detection of group A rotavirus in urban and hospital sewage systems by nested-RT PCR in Shiraz, Iran

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

Urban Soundscapes Studies

Most cited references 23

Global Illness and Deaths Caused by Rotavirus Disease in Children

Molecular detection of pathogens in water--the pros and cons of molecular techniques.

Quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 70

Cited by 9

Most referenced authors 390