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      Efeito de duas cargas animais em campo nativo e de duas idades à desmama no desempenho de vacas de corte primíparas Translated title: Effect of two stocking rates on natural pasture and two weaning ages on primiparous beef cows performance

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          Abstract

          A investigação foi realizada para avaliar os efeitos de duas cargas animais (CA280= 280 kg PV/ha e CA360= 360 kg PV/ha) e de duas idades de desmama dos bezerros (DC = Desmama convencional aos sete meses de idade e DP= Desmama precoce aos três/quatro meses) no comportamento reprodutivo de vacas de corte primíparas de duas composições raciais (½ Nelore ½ Hereford e ¼ Nelore ¾ Hereford). Foram avaliados os ganhos de peso médios diários (GMD) do pós-parto à data da desmama convencional, durante o acasalamento, da desmama precoce à desmama convencional (GPC), a condição corporal (CC) ao início do acasalamento, ao final do acasalamento e na data da desmama convencional, a taxa de prenhez (TP) e o intervalo de partos (IEP). As vacas conduzidas na CA280 tiveram significativamente maiores GMD do que vacas na CA360 nos três períodos estudados. Vacas submetidas ao tratamento de desmama precoce tiveram GPC maiores que vacas submetidas à desmama convencional (0,539 vs. 0,257 kg/dia, respectivamente). Vacas da CA280 tiveram significativamente maiores condições corporais do início do acasalamento à data da desmama convencional do que vacas da CA360, sendo que vacas submetidas à desmama precoce apresentaram condição corporal na data da desmama convencional superior àquela das vacas da desmama convencional sob ambas cargas animais (4,33 vs. 3,68 para CA280 e 3,14 vs. 2,92 para CA360). A composição racial das vacas não influenciou significativamente o GMD e a condição corporal das vacas no período experimental. A TP da CA280 (67,56%) foi significativamente superior à da CA360 (22,56%), bem como o seu IEP foi significativamente inferior ao da CA360 (395,4 vs. 409,9 dias). Portanto, a carga animal menor permitiu que as vacas apresentassem maiores recuperações de peso e condição corporal no pós-parto, determinando melhores taxas de reconcepção e menores intervalos de partos.

          Translated abstract

          The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of two stocking rates (CA280= 280 kg LW/ha and CA=360= 360 kg LW/ha) and two weaning ages of calves (DC = Conventional weaning at seven months of age and DP= Early weaning at three/four months of age) on reproductive performance of primiparous beef cows of two breed compositions (½ Nelore ½ Hereford and ¼ Nelore ¾ Hereford). Average daily weight gain (GMD) from calving to DC, during the mating period, and in the period from DP to DC (GPC), the body condition score (CC) at beginning and at the end of mating period and at DC, the pregnancy rate (TP), and the calving interval (IEP) of the cows were evaluated. Cows managed under CA280 had significantly higher GMD than cows under CA360 in all three periods considered. Cows submitted to DP had higher GPC (P<0.01) than cows submitted to DC(0.539 vs. 0.257 kg/day, respectively). Cows under CA280 had signicantly higher CC from the beginning of the mating period to the date of DC than cows under CA360, while cows submitted to DP showed higher CC at the date of DC than cows submitted to DC under both stocking rates (4.33 vs. 3.68 for CA280 and 3.14 vs. 2.92 for CA360). The breed composition of the cows did not significantly influence on GMD and CC of the cows over the experimental period. The TP of cows under CA280 (67.56%) was significantly better than cows under CA360 (22.56%), as well as their IEP were significantly lower than cows under CA360 (395.4 vs. 409.9 days). Therefore, the lowest stocking rate allowed cows to better recover their weight and body condition after calving, causing improvement of conception rate and calving interval.

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          Most cited references25

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          Nutritional ecology of the ruminant

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            SAS/STATR: User's Guide

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              Calving date versus calving interval as a reproductive measure in beef cattle.

              Calving date and calving interval records obtained from the Beef Cattle Division of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Des Moines, Iowa, were studied to determine the reproductive measure of choice when a fixed breeding season is employed. Fixed model, least-squares procedures were used to analyze 2,411 records collected on purebred Red Angus, Angus and Hereford cows during the years 1969 through 1976. Calving interval decreased .86 d and calving date was delayed .11 d for each 1-d delay in previous calving date. A 1-d increase in gestation length was associated with a 1.17-d delay in calving date and 1.17-d increase in calving interval. The bias caused by the use of a fixed breeding season was determined to be much greater for calving interval than for calving date, as evidenced by the strong dependence of calving interval on previous calving date. Because calving date is likely to be more heritable and has clear economic significance, and because selection for earlier calving date should not lead to adverse response in other reproductive traits, calving date was preferred over calving interval as a reproductive measure.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                December 2003
                : 32
                : 6 suppl 1
                : 1722-1731
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de Guelph Canadá
                Article
                S1516-35982003000700023
                10.1590/S1516-35982003000700023
                a11a5885-6807-494f-b10b-22b74705757f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                primiparous crossbred cows,reproductive performance,weaning age,desempenho reprodutivo,idade de desmama,vacas primíparas

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