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      Repercusión en la capacidad funcional del ingreso en Hospitalización a Domicilio en pacientes mayores de 80 años Translated title: Impact of admission at Hospital at Home on the functional status in patients older than 80 years

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La hospitalización por enfermedad aguda en pacientes ancianos puede significar la aparición de deterioro funcional hospitalario (DFH). Por su elevada frecuencia y las graves consecuencias derivadas, analizamos el deterioro funcional en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio (HAD). Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes ≥ 80 años ingresados en HAD. Se obtuvieron variables demográficas y sociofamiliares, procedencia del ingreso, duración del ingreso previo e ingreso en HAD, variables clínicas y comorbilidad. Se recogió situación funcional basal, al ingreso, al alta y a los 3 meses según índice de Barthel (IB). Se excluyeron las estancias cortas, los paliativos, los fallecidos, aquellos con IB previo < 10 y los reingresos como motivo de alta. Resultados: Se incluyeron 168 pacientes ≥80 años, 52.4% hombres. El 71.4% procedentes de urgencias. Los pacientes institucionalizados presentaron peor resultado funcional. El 40,5% presentó pérdida funcional (PF) al ingreso. Al alta, mejoraron 1.2%, se mantuvieron el 59,3% y empeoraron el 39,4%. La PF al alta es menor si la estancia hospitalaria es ≤ 2 días y la estancia total <7 días. El uso de sonda vesical se asocia a peor resultado funcional al alta y se mantiene a los 3 meses. Conclusiones: La HAD puede reducir el DFH si se acorta la estancia hospitalaria previa.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Hospitalization for acute illness in elderly patients may precipitate the appearance of hospital functional impairment (HFI). Due to its high frequency and the serious consequences derived, we analysed functional results in patients admitted to a Hospital at Home (HAH) unit. Method: Retrospective descriptive study of patients ≥ 80 years admitted to HAH. We collected sociodemographic characteristics, source of referral, previous hospital stay and HAH stay, clinical assessment and comorbidity. Functional status previous, at admission, at discharge and after 3 months was collected according to the Barthel index (BI). Short stays, palliative care, deaths, those with a previous BI <10, and readmissions as a reason for discharge were excluded. Results: 168 patients ≥80 years old, 52.4% men, were included. 71.4% admitted from the emergency department. Institutionalized patients presented worse functional results. 40.5% presented functional loss (FL) at admission. At discharge, they improved 1.2%, remained 59.3% and worsened 39.4%. The FL at discharge is lower if the previous hospital stay is ≤ 2 days and the total stay <7 days. The use of bladder catheter is associated with a worse functional result at discharge and is maintained at 3 months. Conclusions: HAH can reduce HFI if the previous hospital stay is shortened.

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          Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age.

          To describe the changes in activities of daily living (ADL) function occurring before and after hospital admission in older people hospitalized with medical illness and to assess the effect of age on loss of ADL function. Prospective observational study. The general medical service of two hospitals. Two thousand two hundred ninety-three patients aged 70 and older (mean age 80, 64% women, 24% nonwhite). At the time of hospital admission, patients or their surrogates were interviewed about their independence in five ADLs (bathing, dressing, eating, transferring, and toileting) 2 weeks before admission (baseline) and at admission. Subjects were interviewed about ADL function at discharge. Outcome measures included functional decline between baseline and discharge and functional changes between baseline and admission and between admission and discharge. Thirty-five percent of patients declined in ADL function between baseline and discharge. This included the 23% of patients who declined between baseline and admission and failed to recover to baseline function between admission and discharge and the 12% of patients who did not decline between baseline and admission but declined between hospital admission and discharge. Twenty percent of patients declined between baseline and admission but recovered to baseline function between admission and discharge. The frequency of ADL decline between baseline and discharge varied markedly with age (23%, 28%, 38%, 50%, and 63% in patients aged 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, 85-89, and > or =90, respectively, P or =90 compared with patients aged 70-74 = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88-1.82). In contrast, age was associated with the failure to recover ADL function during hospitalization in patients who declined before admission (OR for patients aged > or =90 compared with patients aged 70-74 = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.20-3.65) and with new losses of ADL function during hospitalization in patients who did not decline before admission (OR for patients aged > or =90 compared with patients aged 70-74 = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.92-6.12). Many hospitalized older people are discharged with ADL function that is worse than their baseline function. The oldest patients are at particularly high risk of poor functional outcomes because they are less likely to recover ADL function lost before admission and more likely to develop new functional deficits during hospitalization
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            The natural history of functional morbidity in hospitalized older patients.

            This study provides data on changes in the functional status of older patients that are associated with acute hospitalization. Seventy-one patients over the age of 74 admitted to the medical service of Stanford University Hospital between February and May 1987 received functional assessments covering seven domains: mobility, transfer, toileting, incontinence, feeding, grooming, and mental status. Assessments were obtained by report from the patient's caregiver (or the patient when he or she lived alone) for 2 weeks before admission; from the patient's nurse on day 2 of hospitalization and on the day before discharge; and again from the caregiver (or patient) 1 week after discharge. The sample had a mean age of 84, covered 37 Diagnostic Related Groups, and had a median length of stay of 8 days. Between baseline and day 2, statistically significant deteriorations occurred for the overall functional score and for the individual scores for mobility, transfer, toileting, feeding, and grooming. None of these scores improved significantly by discharge. In the case of mobility, 65% of the patients experienced a decline in score between baseline and day 2. Between day 2 and discharge, 67% showed no improvement, and another 10% deteriorated further. These data suggest that older patients may experience a burden of new and worsened functional impairment during hospitalization that improves at a much slower rate than the acute illness. An awareness of delayed functional recovery should influence discharge planning for older patients. Greater efforts to prevent functional decline in the hospitalized older patient may be warranted.
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              Hospital admission risk profile (HARP): identifying older patients at risk for functional decline following acute medical illness and hospitalization.

              To develop and validate an instrument for stratifying older patients at the time of hospital admission according to their risk of developing new disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL) following acute medical illness and hospitalization. Multi-center prospective cohort study. Four university and two private non-federal acute care hospitals. The development cohort consists of 448 patients and the validation cohort consists of 379 patients who were aged 70 and older and who were hospitalized for acute medical illness between 1989 and 1992. All patients were evaluated on hospital admission to identify baseline demographic and functional characteristics and were then assessed at discharge and 3 months after discharge to determine decline in ADL functioning. Logistic regression analysis identified three patient characteristics that were independent predictors of functional decline in the development cohort: increasing age, lower admission Mini-Mental Status Exam scores, and lower preadmission IADL function. A scoring system was developed for each predictor variable and patients were assigned to low, intermediate, and high risk categories. The rates of ADL decline at discharge for the low, intermediate, and high risk categories were 17%, 28%, and 56% in the development cohort and 19%, 31%, and 55% in the validation cohort, respectively. Patients in the low risk category were significantly more likely to recover ADL function and to avoid nursing home placement during the 3 months after discharge. Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) is a simple instrument that can be used to identify patients at risk of functional decline following hospitalization. HARP can be used to identify patients who might benefit from comprehensive discharge planning, specialized geriatric care, and experimental interventions designed to prevent/reduce the development of disability in hospitalized older populations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                had
                Hospital a Domicilio
                Hosp. domic.
                Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigación en Nutrición (CIVIN) (Alicante, Alicante, Spain )
                2530-5115
                December 2020
                : 4
                : 4
                : 185-197
                Affiliations
                [1] Blanes orgnameCorporació de Salut del Maresme i la Selva orgdiv1Hospital Comarcal de Blanes orgdiv2Hospitalización a Domicilio España
                [2] Calella orgnameCorporació de Salut del Maresme i la Selva orgdiv1Hospital Comarcal Sant Jaume de Calella orgdiv2Atención Domiciliaria Integral España
                Article
                S2530-51152020000400003 S2530-5115(20)00400400003
                10.22585/hospdomic.v4i4.116
                a1b610a6-e3fc-4e85-bc6a-c49628782ce5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 September 2020
                : 14 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                paciente geriátrico,functional decline,functional impairment,pérdida funcional,Hospital at Home,deterioro funcional,geriatric assessment,Hospitalización a Domicilio

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