Glycosylation via Transition-Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities : Glycosylation via Transition-Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities

The use of visible light sensitization as a means to initiate organic reactions is attractive due to the lack of visible light absorbance by organic compounds, reducing side reactions often associated with photochemical reactions conducted with high energy UV light. This tutorial review provides a historical overview of visible light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis along with recent examples which underscore its vast potential to initiate organic transformations.

Chemical tools have proven indispensable for studies in glycobiology. Synthetic oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates provide materials for correlating structure with function. Synthetic mimics of the complex assemblies found on cell surfaces can modulate cellular interactions and are under development as therapeutic agents. Small molecule inhibitors of carbohydrate biosynthetic and processing enzymes can block the assembly of specific oligosaccharide structures. Inhibitors of carbohydrate recognition and biosynthesis can reveal the biological functions of the carbohydrate epitope and its cognate receptors. Carbohydrate biosynthetic pathways are often amenable to interception with synthetic unnatural substrates. Such metabolic interference can block the expression of oligosaccharides or alter the structures of the sugars presented on cells. Collectively, these chemical approaches are contributing great insight into the myriad biological functions of oligosaccharides.