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      TRIM69 inhibits cataractogenesis by negatively regulating p53

      research-article
      a , b , c , d , e , 1 , f , 1 , a , b , c , d , e , a , b , c , d , e , a , b , c , d , e , a , b , c , d , e ,
      Redox Biology
      Elsevier
      Cataract, TRIM69, p53, UVB, Foxo3a, NHC, National Health Commission, UVB, Ultraviolet B, ROS, reactive oxygen species, HLECs, human lens epithelial cells, TRIM69, tripartite motif 69, Foxo3a, forkhead box protein 3a, Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2, Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein, DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, GADPH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, PBS, phosphate buffered saline, PFT α, Pifithrin-α, OE, Overexpression, NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, shRNA, Short hairpin RNA, FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate, PI, propidium iodide, DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, DHE, dihydroethidium, RIPA, Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay, SD, Standard Deviation, IP, immunoprecipitation

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          Abstract

          Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), thus leading to the formation of cataracts. We studied the role of tripartite motif 69 (TRIM69) in cataract formation. The expression of TRIM69 protein was down-regulated in both human cataract capsule tissues and HLECs treated with UVB, whereas the expression of p53 protein exhibited an opposite trend. Ectopic expression of TRIM69 in HLECs significantly suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis and ROS production, whereas knockdown of TRIM69 promoted apoptosis and ROS production. TRIM69 can interact with p53 and induce its ubiquitination. The effects of TRIM69 overexpression in UVB-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production was clearly weakened by p53 overexpression, thus suggesting a role for p53 in TRIM69 functions. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS mitigated the effects of UVB irradiation on ROS production, cell apoptosis, forkhead box protein 3a (Foxo3a) phosphorylation, and TRIM69 expression. Additionally, Foxo3a overexpression significantly enhanced TRIM69 promoter activity, whereas Foxo3a knockdown had the opposite effect. In conclusion, we provide the first demonstration that Foxo3a is a potential transcription factor for TRIM69, and TRIM69 induces p53 ubiquitination. These results suggest that the Foxo3a/TRIM69/p53 regulatory network may be involved in cataract formation.

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          Highlights

          • TRIM69 significantly suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis and ROS production.

          • TRIM69 can interact with p53 and induce its ubiquitination.

          • Foxo3a overexpression significantly enhanced TRIM69 promoter activity.

          • The Foxo3a/TRIM69/p53 regulatory network may be involved in cataract formation.

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          Most cited references28

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          Live or let die: the cell's response to p53.

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            Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway.

            Currently, around 11 million people are living with a tumour that contains an inactivating mutation of TP53 (the human gene that encodes p53) and another 11 million have tumours in which the p53 pathway is partially abrogated through the inactivation of other signalling or effector components. The p53 pathway is therefore a prime target for new cancer drug development, and several original approaches to drug discovery that could have wide applications to drug development are being used. In one approach, molecules that activate p53 by blocking protein-protein interactions with MDM2 are in early clinical development. Remarkable progress has also been made in the development of p53-binding molecules that can rescue the function of certain p53 mutants. Finally, cell-based assays are being used to discover compounds that exploit the p53 pathway by either seeking targets and compounds that show synthetic lethality with TP53 mutations or by looking for non-genotoxic activators of the p53 response.
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              Evaluation of the probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress.

              The use of dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) as a measure of reactive oxygen species was studied in aqueous media. Hydrogen peroxide oxidized DCFH to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF), and the oxidation was amplified by the addition of ferrous iron. Hydrogen peroxide-induced DCF formation in the presence of ferrous iron was completely inhibited by deferoxamine and partially inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, but was augmented by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Iron-peroxide-induced oxidation of DCFH was partially inhibited by catalase but not by horseradish peroxidase. Nonchelated iron-peroxide oxidation of DCFH was partially inhibited by several hydroxyl radical scavengers, but was independent of the scavenger concentration, and this suggests that free hydroxyl radical is not involved in the oxidation of DCFH in this system. Superoxide anion did not directly oxidize DCFH. Data suggest that H2O2-Fe(2+)-derived oxidant is mainly responsible for the nonenzymatic oxidation of DCFH. In addition, peroxidase alone and oxidants formed during the reduction of H2O2 by peroxidase oxidize DCFH. Since DCFH oxidation may be derived from several reactive intermediates, interpretation of specific reactive oxygen species involved in biological systems should be approached with caution. However, DCFH remains an attractive probe as an overall index of oxidative stress in toxicological phenomena.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Redox Biol
                Redox Biol
                Redox Biology
                Elsevier
                2213-2317
                02 March 2019
                April 2019
                02 March 2019
                : 22
                : 101157
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
                [b ]Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
                [c ]National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
                [d ]Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
                [e ]Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
                [f ]Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer Center, Nanchang, 330029, China
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. yinghong_ji@ 123456163.com
                [1]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                S2213-2317(18)31230-8 101157
                10.1016/j.redox.2019.101157
                6402377
                30844644
                a1ec1e34-c560-40b9-8f1e-c6a41384dfdb
                © 2019 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 December 2018
                : 17 February 2019
                : 1 March 2019
                Categories
                Research Paper

                cataract,trim69,p53,uvb,foxo3a,nhc, national health commission,uvb, ultraviolet b,ros, reactive oxygen species,hlecs, human lens epithelial cells,trim69, tripartite motif 69,foxo3a, forkhead box protein 3a,bcl-2, b-cell lymphoma-2,bax, bcl-2-associated x protein,dna, deoxyribonucleic acid,sds-page, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,gadph, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,rpmi, roswell park memorial institute,pbs, phosphate buffered saline,pft α, pifithrin-α,oe, overexpression,nac, n-acetyl-l-cysteine,shrna, short hairpin rna,fitc, fluorescein isothiocyanate,pi, propidium iodide,dcfh-da, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,dhe, dihydroethidium,ripa, radio immunoprecipitation assay,sd, standard deviation,ip, immunoprecipitation

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