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      Chemical sensors and biosensors for the detection of melamine

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          Abstract

          Melamine is an emerging contaminant in milk, infant formula and pet food.

          Abstract

          Melamine is an emerging contaminant in milk, infant formula and pet food. In order to increase the “false” apparent protein content in food products, melamine has been artificially and illegally used as non-protein nitrogen additive. This review focuses on chemical sensors and biosensors for detecting melamine residue. We present the principles, the mechanisms and the performances of the sensors including optical sensors, electrochemical sensors, aptamer-based sensors and immunosensors. We also propose the future perspectives in developing sensors for the detection of melamine.

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          Most cited references164

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          Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing.

          Krishnendu Saha, Sarit Agasti, Chaekyu Kim … (2012)
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            Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species.

            Jiří Homola (2008)
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              Upconverting nanoparticles.

              Markus Haase, Helmut Schäfer (2011)
              Upconversion (UC) refers to nonlinear optical processes in which the sequential absorption of two or more photons leads to the emission of light at shorter wavelength than the excitation wavelength (anti-Stokes type emission). In contrast to other emission processes based on multiphoton absorption, upconversion can be efficiently excited even at low excitation densities. The most efficient UC mechanisms are present in solid-state materials doped with rare-earth ions. The development of nanocrystal research has evoked increasing interest in the development of synthesis routes which allow the synthesis of highly efficient, small UC particles with narrow size distribution able to form transparent solutions in a wide range of solvents. Meanwhile, high-quality UC nanocrystals can be routinely synthesized and their solubility, particle size, crystallographic phase, optical properties and shape can be controlled. In recent years, these particles have been discussed as promising alternatives to organic fluorophosphors and quantum dots in the field of medical imaging. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RSCACL
                Title: RSC Advances
                Abbreviated Title: RSC Adv.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Electronic): 2046-2069
                Publication date Created: 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 2015
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 1125-1147
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Food Quality and Safety
                [2 ]Jilin University
                [3 ]Changchun 130062
                [4 ]China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C4RA13080D
                SO-VID: a377b9f5-b038-4b45-8eba-d135e22c893d
                Copyright © © 2015
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