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      Comparison of nail lacquer clobetasol efficacy at 0,05%, 1% and 8% in nail psoriasis treatment: prospective, controlled and randomized pilot study Translated title: Comparação da eficácia do clobetasol em esmalte 0,05%, 1% e 8% no tratamento da psoríase ungueal: estudo piloto, prospectivo, controlado e randomizado

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND: Nail psoriasis may affect up to 90% of patients with psoriasis in the course of the disease throughout their lives and it is often a therapeutic challenge to dermatologists. Topical treatments described in the literature have demonstrated variable efficacy, and unsatisfactory results have been associated to inefficient penetration of the active ingredient into the nail plate and proximal nail fold. Recently the use of clobetasol on nail lacquer vehicle has been suggested, with satisfactory results and no side effects. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of clobetasol in nail lacquer vehicle in three concentrations (0.05%, 1% and 8%) in patients with nail psoriasis. METHODS: Prospective, controlled, randomized pilot study in fifteen patients with nail bed and/or nail matrix psoriasis in both hands, subdivided into three groups: A(0.05% clobetasol nail lacquer), B(1% clobetasol nail lacquer) and C(8% clobetasol nail lacquer). All groups used clobetasol nail lacquer on the left hand and base coat nail lacquer as control on the right, twice a week for 16 weeks. Clinical evaluation was done by photographic records and the NAPSI score of both treated and control hands, as well as modified NAPSI score of the most affected nail of the treated hand. RESULTS: Group C showed a statistically relevant clinical response compared to the other groups, reflected in the improvement of clinical parameters, of treated hand NAPSI score, when compared to the control hand, and modified NAPSI score of the most affected nail in the treated hand. CONCLUSION: The 8% clobetasol nail lacquer was effective and safe, and it can be considered a good option of topical therapy in the treatment of nail psoriasis.

          Translated abstract

          FUNDAMENTOS: A psoríase ungueal, de difícil manejo terapêutico, pode afetar até 90% dos portadores de psoríase no transcurso da doença, ao longo de suas vidas. Os tratamentos tópicos descritos na literatura têm eficácia variável, muitas vezes com resultados insatisfatórios causados pela ineficiência da penetração da substância ativa através da placa ungueal e dobra proximal. Recentemente tem sido proposto o uso do clobetasol em veículo esmalte, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios e ausência de efeitos colaterais. OBJETIVO: Determinar a eficácia e segurança do clobetasol em veículo esmalte em três concentrações (0,05%, 1% e 8%) nos pacientes com psoríase ungueal. MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto, prospectivo, controlado e randomizado com quinze pacientes portadores de psoríase ungueal em ambas as mãos. Os pacientes foram subdivididos em três grupos: A (esmalte clobetasol 0,05%), B (esmalte de clobetasol 1%) e C (esmalte de clobetasol 8%). Os pacientes usaram esmalte de clobetasol na mão esquerda e esmalte base (sem medicação - controle) na direita, aplicandoos duas vezes por semana, por 16 semanas. Fez-se a avaliação clínica por registros fotográficos e pelos MÉTODOS: NAPSI da mão tratada e controle e NAPSI modificado da unha mais acometida da mão tratada. RESULTADOS: O grupo C apresentou de forma estatisticamente significativa a resposta clínica mais relevante, refletida na melhora dos parâmetros clínicos, do NAPSI da mão tratada comparado ao da mão controle e do NAPSI modificado da unha mais acometida da mão tratada. CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo piloto, o esmalte de clobetasol a 8% foi eficaz e seguro, mostrando-se uma boa opção de terapêutica tópica no tratamento da psoríase ungueal.

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          Most cited references29

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          Nail Psoriasis Severity Index: a useful tool for evaluation of nail psoriasis.

          The Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) is a numeric, reproducible, objective, simple tool for evaluation of nail psoriasis. This scale is used to evaluate the severity of nail bed psoriasis and nail matrix psoriasis by area of involvement in the nail unit. The NAPSI will be useful during clinical trials for evaluating response to treatment of psoriatic nails. The scale is reproducible, and because there are few data points, statistical analysis is simplified.
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            Psoriasis of the nail: anatomy, pathology, clinical presentation, and a review of the literature on therapy.

            Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that affects millions of people throughout the world. Even though cutaneous signs and symptoms are the most common clinical manifestations, the nails can be involved in up to 50% of cases, and their involvement remains an important yet often overlooked aspect of the disease. There is a broad spectrum of nail dystrophies associated with psoriasis, ranging from the common pitting and loosening of the nail plate to the less frequent discoloration and splinter hemorrhages seen in the nail bed. This article discusses the normal anatomy and embryology of the nail unit as well as the current understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. It also provides an extensive review of the existing literature with respect to psoriatic nail therapy. Although there have been many recent advances in the treatment of the cutaneous form of the disease-most notably in the field of immunotherapies-the options for nail psoriasis are far more limited. While a number of treatment alternatives currently exist for nail disease, the general paucity of clear evidence regarding these choices often makes it difficult to select the most efficient, safe, and optimal treatment for the patient. Even though the current literature has shown some support for the use of topical, intralesional, radiation, systemic, and combination therapies for nail psoriasis, the available studies lack sufficient power to extrapolate a standardized therapeutic regimen. Therefore, until better-documented evidence validating the treatment options emerges within the literature, clinicians and patients are left with a vague and relatively unproven approach to psoriatic nail disease.
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              Enthesitis: an autoinflammatory lesion linking nail and joint involvement in psoriatic disease.

              The traditional model for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is that autoimmunity directed against a common skin and joint autoantigen leads to chronic autoreactive T cell driven inflammation. However, recent imaging, histological and genetic studies have challenged this view, especially with respect to joint and nail disease, and provide a broader insight into the pathogenesis of PsA and associated nail involvement. Clinically unrecognized enthesitis (inflammation at tendon and ligament attachments) is commonly seen in early PsA at all sites of the disease. Specifically, enthesitis is associated with adjacent osteitis or bone and synovial inflammation. Even in normal joints, normal insertions are associated with microdamage and inflammatory change, strongly suggesting that local tissue specific, or what has been described as autoinflammatory factors, may dictate disease expression. Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disease in PsA is associated with diffuse inflammation that envelops the nail root and adjacent bone. In fact, the nail is intimately linked to entheses, with the extension tendon of the DIP joint sending fibres from bone that envelop the nail root in an interdigitating fashion. Furthermore, the joint collateral ligament enthesis has fibres that merge with the lateral borders of the nail. Other anchorage mechanisms include fibres that directly tether the nail plate to the underlying periosteum, which itself is closely anchored to the extension tendon. The frequent microdamage and tissue repair at normal enthesis attachment sites in healthy joints has resulted in a proposed new model of PsA pathogenesis embracing the concept of autoinflammation, whereby tissue specific factors, including microtrauma, lead to regional innate immune activation and persistent inflammation, as an alternative to primary immunopathology driven by T and B cell abnormalities. Unlike the classical autoimmune diseases, which may attack a completely normal organ, autoimmunity in psoriatic disease is likely to involve tissues where there is intrinsic dysregulation of the target tissues. These tissue specific factors related to the enthesis appear to be key to the phenotypic expression of diseases hitherto regarded as autoimmune. The pathogenesis of PsA, nail disease and to a lesser extent psoriasis therefore appear to have an autoinflammatory (innate immune driven) rather than autoimmune basis. Taken together, these findings are important for better understanding PsA, nail disease and psoriasis, and for conceptualizing the immunopathogenic basis of these diseases and further exploring the role of enthesitis in their pathophysiology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abd
                Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
                An. Bras. Dermatol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0365-0596
                1806-4841
                April 2012
                : 87
                : 2
                : 203-211
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameSanta Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay orgdiv2Centro de Estudos da Unha Brazil
                [02] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameSanta Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay Brazil
                Article
                S0365-05962012000200003 S0365-0596(12)08700200003
                10.1590/S0365-05962012000200003
                22570023
                a50f0ab4-29e3-4873-80d2-afa98858fb66

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 March 2011
                : 03 October 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Investigation

                Therapeutics,Unhas,Psoriasis,Products for nails and cuticles,Nails,Clobetasol,Terapêutica,Psoríase,Produtos para unhas e cutículas

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