Antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a mouthrinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate

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Abstract

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical anitplaque and antigingivitis effects of a mouthrinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), triclosan and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPZ) in patients with gingivitis and mild periodontitis.

Methods

Thirty-two subjects were randomized into 2 groups. The test group used a mouthrinse containing 0.05% CPC, 0.02% triclosan and 0.02% DPZ, while the control group used a placebo mouthrinse. At baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, the papillary bleeding index (PBI), Turesky-Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI) and Löe-Silness gingival index (GI) were assessed. During the experimental period, the patients used the mouthrinse for 30 seconds, 4 to 5 times/day (10 mL/time) within 30 minutes after toothbrushing.

Results

No adverse effects appeared in either the experimental or the control group. Regarding PBI, PI and GI values, statistical significance was detected between values at baseline and 2 weeks for both groups ( P<0.05). In the experimental group, statistically significantly lower values were detected at 4 weeks compared to at 2 weeks. However, in the control group, no statistically significant difference was detected between the values at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Additionally, the mean value after 4 weeks for the control group was slightly higher than the mean value after 2 weeks for the control group.

Conclusions

This study for 4 weeks demonstrated that mouthrinses containing CPC, triclosan and DPZ may contribute to the reduction of supragingival plaque and gingivitis.

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Most cited references 27

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The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease: current concepts.

Sigmund Socransky, Anne D. Haffajee (1992)

The interpretation of diagnostic tests for the detection of subgingival bacterial species is dependent on knowledge of the microbial etiology of destructive periodontal diseases. Specific etiologic agents of these diseases have been sought for over 100 years; however, the complexity of the microbiota, an incomplete understanding of the biology of periodontal diseases, and technical problems have handicapped this search. Nonetheless, a number of possible pathogens have been suggested on the basis of their association with disease, animal pathogenicity, and virulence factors. The immunological response of the host to a species and the relation of successful therapy to the elimination of the species have also been used to support or refute suspected periodontal pathogens. Current data suggest that pathogens are necessary but not sufficient for disease activity to occur. Factors which influence activity include susceptibility of the individual host and the presence of interacting bacterial species which facilitate or impede disease progression. Recent studies have attempted to distinguish virulent and avirulent clonal types of suspected pathogenic species and seek transmission of genetic elements needed for pathogenic species to cause disease. Finally, the local environment of the periodontal pocket may be important in the regulation of expression of virulence factors by pathogenic species. Thus, in order that disease result from a pathogen, 1) it must be a virulent clonal type; 2) it must possess the chromosomal and extra-chromosomal genetic factors to initiate disease; 3) the host must be susceptible to this pathogen; 4) the pathogen must be in numbers sufficient to exceed the threshold for that host; 5) it must be located at the right place; 6) other bacterial species must foster, or at least not inhibit, the process; and 7) the local environment must be one which is conducive to the expression of the species' virulence properties.

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Long-term effect of surgical/non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease.

J Lindhe, Anne D. Haffajee, E Westfelt … (1984)

The present investigation describes the effect of periodontal therapy in a group of patients who, following active treatment, were monitored over a 5-year period. One aim of the study was to analyze the rôle played by the patients' self-performed plaque control in preventing recurrent periodontitis. In addition, probing depth and attachment level alterations were studied separately for sites with initial probing depths of greater than or equal to 4 mm which were treated initially by either surgical or non-surgical procedures. Following active treatment (surgical/non-surgical), the patients were maintained on a plaque control regimen for 6 months, which included professional tooth cleaning once every 2 weeks. During the subsequent 18 months, the interval between the recall appointments was extended to 12 weeks and included prophylaxis as well as oral hygiene instruction. Following the 24-month examination, the interval between the recall appointments was further extended, now to 4-6 months. In addition, the maintenance program was restricted to oral hygiene instruction and professional, supragingival tooth cleaning, but further subgingival instrumentation was avoided. Clinical examinations including assessments of the oral hygiene, the gingival conditions, the probing depths and the attachment levels were performed at Baseline and after 24 and 60 months after completion of active therapy. Assessments of plaque and gingivitis were repeated annually. The results of the examinations showed that the patients' standard of self-maintained oral hygiene had a decisive influence on the long-term effect of treatment. Patients who during the 5 years of monitoring consistently had a high frequency of plaque-free tooth surfaces showed little evidence of recurrent periodontal disease, while patients who had a low frequency of plaque-free tooth surfaces had a high frequency of sites showing additional loss of attachment. The present findings demonstrated that sites with an initial pocket depth exceeding 3 mm responded equally well to non-surgical and surgical treatments. This statement is based on probing depth and attachment level data from sites which were free of plaque at the 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month reexaminations. It is suggested that the critical determinant in periodontal therapy is not the technique (surgical or non-surgical) that is used for the elimination of the subgingival infection, but the quality of the debridement of the root surface.

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Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial.

S M Mankodi, Trevor C. Charles, Kirsten Bartels … (2004)

The objective of this study was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness and the side-effect profiles of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinse. One hundred and eight qualifying subjects, aged 20-57 years, were randomized into three groups: essential oil mouthrinse (ListerineAntiseptic); 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Peridex); or 5% hydroalcohol negative control. At baseline, subjects received a complete oral soft tissue examination and scoring of the Loe-Silness gingival index (GI), Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI), Volpe-Manhold calculus index (CI), and Lobene extrinsic tooth stain index (SI). Following a complete dental prophylaxis, subjects started rinsing twice daily with their respective mouthrinse as an adjunct to their usual mechanical oral hygiene procedures. One of the rinses on each weekday was supervised. Subjects were reexamined at 3 and 6 months. The treatment groups were compared with respect to baseline demographic and clinical variables. The primary efficacy variables were GI and PI. Intergroup differences for all clinical variables were tested at 3 and 6 months using appropriate statistical procedures. All of the 108 randomized subjects were evaluable at 3 months, and 107 subjects were evaluable at 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups at baseline, with the exception that the control group PI was significantly lower than that of the essential oil group (p or =1.0 (p=0.021). At 6 months, the essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthrinses produced statistically significant (p<0.001) GI reductions of 14.0% and 18.2%, respectively, and statistically significant (p<0.001) PI reductions of 18.8% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with the control and were not statistically significantly different from each other with respect to plaque and gingivitis reduction. The chlorhexidine mouthrinse group had significantly more calculus and extrinsic tooth stain than either the essential oil mouthrinse group or the control group. This 6-month controlled clinical study demonstrated that the essential oil mouthrinse and the chlorhexidine mouthrinse had comparable antiplaque and antigingivitis activity. Insofar as side effects associated with the chlorhexidine mouthrinse may limit patient compliance, it is suggested that each product can have a distinct role in the management of patients with periodontal diseases. Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JPIS

Title: Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science

Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology

ISSN (Print): 2093-2278

ISSN (Electronic): 2093-2286

Publication date (Print): April 2012

Publication date (Electronic): 30 April 2012

Volume: 42

Issue: 2

Pages: 33-38

Affiliations

Department of Periodontology, Dankook University School of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea.

Author notes

Correspondence: Ki Seok Hong. Department of Periodontology, Dankook University School of Dentistry, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-714, Korea. periohong@ 123456gmail.com , Tel: +82-41-550-1987, Fax: +82-41-555-0222

Article

DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2012.42.2.33

PMC ID: 3349044

PubMed ID: 22586520

SO-VID: a5356529-73e5-419a-a2d4-acb41f5ebc71

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).

Antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a mouthrinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate

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Abstract

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Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 27

The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease: current concepts.

Long-term effect of surgical/non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease.

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial.

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