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      BONE MASS BY QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND OF FINGER PHALANGES IN YOUNG KARATE PRACTITIONERS Translated title: MASSA ÓSSEA POR ULTRASSONOGRAFIA QUANTITATIVA DE FALANGES EM JOVENS PRATICANTES DE KARATÊ

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To evaluate bone mass by quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges in young karate practitioners compared to a control group.

          Methods:

          Sample composed of 162 karate practitioners (52 females) and 326 healthy controls (110 females) aged 6 to 16 years old, in Western Paraná (Southern Brazil). Weight, height, BMI, amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) and bone transmission time (BTT) were evaluated. BMI, AD-SoS and BTT values were converted to Z scores. Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher Exact tests and multiple linear regression were applied, with significance level set at p≤0.05.

          Results:

          Both genders showed higher values of BTT as Z scores when compared to control group. Females from the control group had higher AD-SoS values (m/s and Z score) compared to female karate practitioners. When relative and absolute frequencies were assessed according to BTT Z score in both groups, male karate practitioners’ bone mass was shown to be adequate more frequently. In female practitioners, age and weight were independent predictors of AD-SoS (R 2=0.42) and BTT (R 2=0.45), respectively. Among male karate practitioners, age was related to 26% of AD-SoS variances and height was responsible for 36% of BTT variances.

          Conclusions:

          Children and adolescents who practice karate were shown to have more bone mass in comparison to the control group, regardless of gender. BTT was more sensitive for this evaluation.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Avaliar a massa óssea pela ultrassonografia quantitativa de falanges em jovens praticantes de karatê em relação a um grupo controle.

          Métodos:

          Amostra constituída por 162 praticantes de karatê (52 meninas) e 326 controles escolares (110 meninas) saudáveis, de 6 a 16 anos de idade, do oeste do Paraná. Foram avaliados peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) e Bone Time Transmission (BTT), e os valores de IMC, AD-SoS e BTT transformados em escore Z. Aplicaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e regressão linear múltipla, sendo significante p≤0,05.

          Resultados:

          Para ambos os sexos, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram valores superiores do escore Z do BTT comparados aos controles. Quanto à AD-SoS, as meninas do grupo de controle apresentaram valor absoluto e de escore Z superiores aos apresentados pelas praticantes de karatê do mesmo sexo. Ao avaliar a frequência relativa e absoluta de acordo com o escore Z do BTT em ambos os grupos, os meninos praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior frequência de massa óssea adequada. Nas meninas praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 42% na variação da AD-SoS e o peso de 45% na variação do BTT. Nos meninos praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 26% na variação da AD-SoS e a estatura 36% na variação do BTT.

          Conclusões:

          Nesse grupo de crianças e adolescentes, independentemente do sexo, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior massa óssea em relação ao grupo controle, sendo o BTT mais sensível para essa avaliação.

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          Most cited references31

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          • Abstract: found
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          Effect of puberty on body composition.

          Here we examine the effect of puberty on components of human body composition, including adiposity (total body fat, percentage body fat and fat distribution), lean body mass and bone mineral content and density. New methods and longitudinal studies have expended our knowledge of these remarkable changes. Human differences in adiposity, fat free mass and bone mass reflect differences in endocrine status (particularly with respect to estrogens, androgens, growth hormone and IGF-1), genetic factors, ethnicity and the environment. During puberty, males gain greater amounts of fat free mass and skeletal mass, whereas females acquire significantly more fat mass. Both genders reach peak bone accretion during the pubertal years, though males develop a greater skeletal mass. Body proportions and fat distribution change during the pubertal years as well, with males assuming a more android body shape and females assuming a more gynecoid shape. Pubertal body composition may predict adult body composition and affects both pubertal timing and future health. Sexual dimorphism exists to a small degree at birth, but striking differences develop during the pubertal years. The development of this dimorphism in body composition is largely regulated by endocrine factors, with critical roles played by growth hormone and gonadal steroids. It is important for clinicians and researchers to know the normal changes in order to address pathologic findings in disease states.
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            • Article: not found

            Influence of sports participation on bone health in the young athlete: a review of the literature.

            Peak bone mass is attained during the second and third decades of life. Sports participation during the years that peak bone mass is being acquired may lead to adaptive changes that improve bone architecture through increased density and enhanced geometric properties. A review of the literature evaluating sports participation in young athletes, ages 10-30 years, revealed that sports that involve high-impact loading (eg, gymnastics, hurdling, judo, karate, volleyball, and other jumping sports) or odd-impact loading (eg, soccer, basketball, racquet games, step-aerobics, and speed skating) are associated with higher bone mineral composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and enhanced bone geometry in anatomic regions specific to the loading patterns of each sport. Repetitive low-impact sports (such as distance running) are associated with favorable changes in bone geometry. Nonimpact sports such as swimming, water polo, and cycling are not associated with improvements in bone mineral composition or BMD, and swimming may negatively influence hip geometry. Participating in sports during early puberty may enhance bone mass. Continued participation in sports appears to maintain the full benefits of increased peak bone mass, although former athletes who do not maintain participation in sports may retain some benefits of increased BMD. Long-term elite male cycling was reported to negatively influence bone health, and female adolescent distance running was associated with suppressed bone mineral accrual; confounding factors associated with participation in endurance sports may have contributed to those findings. In summary, young men and women who participate in sports that involve high-impact or odd-impact loading exhibit the greatest associated gains in bone health. Participation in nonimpact sports, such as swimming and cycling, is not associated with an improvement in bone health. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Quantitative ultrasound methods to assess bone mineral status in children: technical characteristics, performance, and clinical application.

              Measurement of bone mineral status may be a useful tool in identifying the children who could be exposed to an increased risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography may be used to this purpose, but the exposure to ionizing radiation is a limiting factor for preventive studies in large populations of children. In the last years, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods have been developed to assess bone mineral status in some peripheral skeletal sites such as calcaneus, phalanges of the hand, and tibia. QUS techniques are safe, easy to use, radiation-free, and devices are portable, so that they are particularly indicated to assess bone mineral status in children. This review will concentrate on the main methodological principles of ultrasounds and the QUS variables derived from their application to bone tissue, technical differences and performance of QUS methods, factors influencing QUS measurements, normative data and results obtained in children with disturbances of growth or affected by disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, including the assessment of fracture risk, and comparison among QUS, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography methods.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Paul Pediatr
                Rev Paul Pediatr
                rpp
                Revista Paulista de Pediatria
                Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo
                0103-0582
                1984-0462
                21 September 2017
                Oct-Dec 2017
                : 35
                : 4
                : 436-442
                Affiliations
                [a ]Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
                [b ]Centro de Investigação em Pediatria (CIPED), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
                [c ]Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
                Author notes
                [* ]Autor correspondente. E-mail: cacabarbeta@ 123456yahoo.com.br (C.J.O. Barbeta).

                Conflito de interesses: Os autores declaram não haver conflito de interesses.

                Article
                S0103-05822017005007102
                10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;4;00003
                5737257
                28977128
                a7c6b6e6-5455-45f5-b27a-0576e919c156

                Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

                History
                : 01 August 2016
                : 28 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 8, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Original Articles

                children,adolescents,bmi,finger phalanges,ultrasonography,bone density,crianças,adolescentes,imc,falanges dos dedos da mão,ultrassonografia,densidade óssea

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