Nanomaterial application in bio/sensors for the detection of infectious diseases

Abstract

Infectious diseases are a potential risk for public health and the global economy. Fast and accurate detection of the pathogens that cause these infections is important to avoid the transmission of the diseases. Conventional methods for the detection of these microorganisms are time-consuming, costly, and not applicable for on-site monitoring. Biosensors can provide a fast, reliable, and point of care diagnostic. Nanomaterials, due to their outstanding electrical, chemical, and optical features, have become key players in the area of biosensors. This review will cover different nanomaterials that employed in electrochemical, optical, and instrumental biosensors for infectious disease diagnosis and how these contributed to enhancing the sensitivity and rapidity of the various sensing platforms. Examples of nanomaterial synthesis methods as well as a comprehensive description of their properties are explained. Moreover, when available, comparative data, in the presence and absence of the nanomaterials, have been reported to further highlight how the usage of nanomaterials enhances the performances of the sensor.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  Fast detection of infectious disease is crucial to avoid fast human to human transmission.

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  We provide a comprehensive overview of most applicable nanomaterials in biosensors.

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  The review covered electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescence, SERS, and lateral flow biosensor which used antibodies and aptamers.

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  We emphasis how the usage of nanomaterials can influences the performances of the biosensor.