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      Beyond specimens: linking biological collections, functional ecology and biodiversity conservation Translated title: Más allá de los especímenes: uniendo colecciones biológicas, ecología funcional y conserva- ción de la biodiversidad

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          Abstract

          Several anthropogenic pressures are threatening biodiversity and may increase in the next years, altering eco- logical processes and ecosystem services. Biological collections offer a rich source of information to develop studies of functional ecology and biodiversity conservation. Key information related to morphology, physiology and life history could be obtained through functional traits provided by specimens in biological collections. Additionally, museum collections present a great potential for document changes of habitat disturbance, using response/effect framework, functional diversity measures, and fluctuating asymmetry approaches. Despite limitations of specimens in data such as abundance, imprecisions in specimen´s georeferencing, errors in taxonomic identification and the poor preservation state of some specimens, biological collections contain vast data banks, which could be useful in the contribution of key information for land use management and conservation planning.

          Translated abstract

          Varias presiones antropogénicas amenazan la biodiversidad y pueden aumentar en los próximos años, alterando procesos ecológicos y servicios ecosistémicos. Las colecciones biológicas ofrecen una abundante fuente de información para desarrollar estudios de ecología funcional y conservación de la biodiversidad. Información clave relacionada con morfología, fisiología e historia de vida puede ser obtenida a través de los rasgos fun- cionales proporcionados por los ejemplares de colecciones biológicas. Adicionalmente, las colecciones de los museos presentan un gran potencial para documentar cambios en la perturbación del hábitat usando el marco de efecto/respuesta, las medidas de diversidad funcional, y el enfoque de asimetría fluctuante. A pesar de las limitaciones de los especímenes en datos como la abundancia, imprecisiones en la georreferenciación de los especímenes, errores en la identificación taxonómica y el mal estado de conservación de algunos ejemplares, las colecciones biológicas contienen enormes bancos de datos que podrían ser útiles en el aporte de información clave para el manejo del uso del suelo y los planes de conservación.

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          Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits.

          There is considerable debate about whether community ecology will ever produce general principles. We suggest here that this can be achieved but that community ecology has lost its way by focusing on pairwise species interactions independent of the environment. We assert that community ecology should return to an emphasis on four themes that are tied together by a two-step process: how the fundamental niche is governed by functional traits within the context of abiotic environmental gradients; and how the interaction between traits and fundamental niches maps onto the realized niche in the context of a biotic interaction milieu. We suggest this approach can create a more quantitative and predictive science that can more readily address issues of global change.
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            The Value of Museum Collections for Research and Society

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              Applying trait-based models to achieve functional targets for theory-driven ecological restoration.

              Manipulating community assemblages to achieve functional targets is a key component of restoring degraded ecosystems. The response-and-effect trait framework provides a conceptual foundation for translating restoration goals into functional trait targets, but a quantitative framework has been lacking for translating trait targets into assemblages of species that practitioners can actually manipulate. This study describes new trait-based models that can be used to generate ranges of species abundances to test theories about which traits, which trait values and which species assemblages are most effective for achieving functional outcomes. These models are generalisable, flexible tools that can be widely applied across many terrestrial ecosystems. Examples illustrate how the framework generates assemblages of indigenous species to (1) achieve desired community responses by applying the theories of environmental filtering, limiting similarity and competitive hierarchies, or (2) achieve desired effects on ecosystem functions by applying the theories of mass ratios and niche complementarity. Experimental applications of this framework will advance our understanding of how to set functional trait targets to achieve the desired restoration goals. A trait-based framework provides restoration ecology with a robust scaffold on which to apply fundamental ecological theory to maintain resilient and functioning ecosystems in a rapidly changing world.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpb
                Revista Peruana de Biología
                Rev. peru biol.
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Lima, , Peru )
                1727-9933
                July 2018
                : 25
                : 3
                : 343-348
                Affiliations
                [01] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática Colombia dennis.castillof@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1727-99332018000300018
                10.15381/rpb.v25i3.14246
                a8c827e6-a801-4e64-a945-853380bca69a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 January 2018
                : 03 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Commentaries

                biodiversidad,biodiversity,museos de historia natural,funcionamiento del ecosistema,respuestas ecológicas,rasgos funcionales,functional traits,ecological responses,ecosystem functioning,natural history museums

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