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      Desafíos de la gobernanza policéntrica para el ecoturismo en áreas protegidas: el caso del Santuario de Fauna y Flora los Flamencos en La Guajira, Colombia Translated title: Challenges of Polycentric Governance for Ecotourism in Protected Areas. Case of Los Flamencos Fauna & Flora Sanctuary in La Guajira, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Resumen El Santuario de Fauna y Flora Los Flamencos (SFFLF), ubicado en el departamento de La Guajira, en Colombia, es un Área Natural Protegida (ANP). Por ende, el desarrollo de actividades económicas debe ser compatible con los objetivos de preservación y con los arreglos de gobernanza para su gestión. En este artículo se estudian las prácticas de gobernanza policéntrica (GPC) para el ecoturismo en el SFFLF a partir del análisis situacional sobre las fallas para la acción colectiva y la coordinación, dada la concurrencia de diversos centros decisionales, con múltiples competencias de autoridad estatal y comunitaria. Se realizó una investigación aplicada de corte cualitativo, con entrevistas, talleres participativos y revisión documental, apoyada en la operacionalización y adaptación del Modelo Analítico de la Gobernanza de Hufty (2009) y en el análisis de actores, descriptivo y normativo. Los hallazgos evidencian fallas en los procesos de coordinación entre actores, y bajos niveles de confianza que restringen la cooperación para la acción colectiva, la articulación en planeación, la gestión del ecoturismo y la participación comunitaria. Tales disfuncionalidades de la GPC del área protegida restringen el desarrollo local y se hacen más complejas al estar involucrados derechos de uso, propiedad y gobierno de los grupos étnicos, así como por la falta de incentivos adecuados para la formalización y generación de acuerdos de cooperación para el desarrollo de actividades económicas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The Flamingos Fauna and Flora Sanctuary, SFFLF, located in the department of La Guajira in Colombia, represents a Protected Natural Area, PNA, for which the development of economic activities must be aligned with conservation objectives and governance frameworks. This study focuses on the analysis of polycentric governance practices, PGP, for ecotourism within the SFFLF, based on the situational analysis of failures in collective action and coordination, due to the convergence and overlapping of various decision centers, each one with multiple powers of state and community authority. Applied qualitative research was conducted, employing interviews, participatory workshops, and document review. The operationalization and adaptation of Hufty's Analytical Model of Governance (2009) were used, along with descriptive and normative actor analysis. The findings reveal the nature of failures in coordination processes among stakeholders, low levels of trust that constrain cooperation for collective action, challenges in the alignment of ecotourism planning and management, and community participation. Such dysfunctions within the polycentric governance framework of the protected area hinder local development and are further compounded by the involvement of usage, ownership, and governance rights of ethnic groups, as well as the lack of suitable incentives for formalization and the establishment of cooperation agreements to foster economic activities.

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          Most cited references37

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          Human institutions--ways of organizing activities--affect the resilience of the environment. Locally evolved institutional arrangements governed by stable communities and buffered from outside forces have sustained resources successfully for centuries, although they often fail when rapid change occurs. Ideal conditions for governance are increasingly rare. Critical problems, such as transboundary pollution, tropical deforestation, and climate change, are at larger scales and involve nonlocal influences. Promising strategies for addressing these problems include dialogue among interested parties, officials, and scientists; complex, redundant, and layered institutions; a mix of institutional types; and designs that facilitate experimentation, learning, and change.
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              The Organization of Government in Metropolitan Areas: A Theoretical Inquiry

              Allusions to the “problem of metropolitan government” are often made in characterizing the difficulties supposed to arise because a metropolitan region is a legal non-entity. From this point of view, the people of a metropolitan region have no general instrumentality of government available to deal directly with the range of problems which they share in common. Rather there is a multiplicity of federal and state governmental agencies, counties, cities, and special districts that govern within a metropolitan region.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                lverdes
                Letras Verdes, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales
                Letras Verdes
                Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador )
                1390-6631
                February 2023
                : 34
                : 7-27
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá D. C Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia jieslava@ 123456javeriana.edu.co
                [1] Bogotá D.C Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia o.cholesp@ 123456javeriana.edu.co
                Article
                S1390-66312023000200007 S1390-6631(23)00003400007
                10.17141/letrasverdes.34.2023.5818
                ab75c658-d720-44ff-a03a-17da1b889c48

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 July 2023
                : 20 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 21
                Product

                SciELO null


                patrimonio natural,desarrollo comunitario,desarrollo regional,ecoturismo,gobernanza,planificación,community development,ecotourism,governance,natural heritage,regional development planning

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