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      Risikofaktoren für postoperative Hypoxämie während des Transportes in den Aufwachraum und Einfluss von Transport-Monitoring : Eine retrospektive Propensity-Score-gematchte Datenbankanalyse Translated title: Risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia during transport to the postanesthesia care unit and influence of transport monitoring : A retrospective propensity score-matched databank analysis

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Auf Transportwegen innerhalb eines Zentral-OP nach der Narkoseausleitung in den Aufwachraum (AWR) sind Patienten hypoxämiegefährdet. Spezifische Risikofaktoren sind jedoch nicht abschließend geklärt, und einheitliche Empfehlungen zur Überwachung der Vitalparameter bei Transporten innerhalb eines OP-Komplexes existieren nicht. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Datenbankanalyse war es, Risikofaktoren für eine Hypoxämie auf diesen Transporten zu identifizieren und zu prüfen, ob die Verwendung eines Transport-Monitorings (TM) den initialen Wert der peripher-venösen Sauerstoffsättigung (S pO 2) im AWR beeinflusst.

          Material und Methoden

          An einem retrospektiv extrahierten Datensatz von Eingriffen in Allgemeinanästhesie innerhalb eines Zentral-OP einer Universitätsklinik von 2015 bis 2020 wurden Risikofaktoren für eine initiale Hypoxämie im AWR (S pO 2 < 90 %) mittels multivariater Analyse ermittelt. Nach Aufteilung des Datensatzes in Patienten ohne TM (Gruppe OM) und mit TM (Gruppe MM) und Propensity Score Matching wurde der Einfluss des TM untersucht.

          Ergebnisse und Diskussion

          Acht Risikofaktoren für eine initiale Hypoxämie im AWR konnten identifiziert werden: Alter > 65 Jahre, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2, chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD), intraoperativer Beatmungsdruck-Hub (∆p) > 15 mbar und positiver endexpiratorischer Druck (PEEP) > 5 mbar, intraoperative Gabe eines lang wirksamen Opioids, erste präoperative S pO 2 < 97 % sowie nach Anästhesieausleitung letzte im OP gemessene S pO 2 < 97 %. Bei 90 % aller Patienten lag mindestens ein Risikofaktor für eine postoperative Hypoxämie vor. Bei Vorliegen von Risikofaktoren geht die Verwendung eines TM mit einer geringeren initialen Desaturierung (MM: 97 [94; 99] %, OM: 96 [94; 98] %, p < 0,001) im AWR einher. Demnach erscheint eine konsequente Nutzung von TM auch auf kurzen Transporten innerhalb eines zusammenhängenden OP-Komplexes sinnvoll.

          Zusatzmaterial online

          Die Online-Version dieses Beitrags (10.1007/s00101-023-01296-y) enthält eine zusätzliche Tabelle mit den Daten zu Abb.  2.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Within a central operating room area, after general anesthesia (GA) patients are at risk of hypoxemia during transport to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU); however, specific risk factors have not been conclusively clarified and uniform recommendations for monitoring vital signs during transport within a central operating room area complex do not exist. The purpose of this retrospective database analysis was to identify risk factors for hypoxemia during this transport and to determine whether the use of transport monitoring (TM) affects the initial value of peripheral venous oxygen saturation (S pO 2) in the PACU.

          Material and methods

          This analysis was performed on a retrospectively extracted dataset of procedures in GA within a central operating room area of a tertiary care hospital from 2015 to 2020. The emergence from GA was conducted in the operating room with subsequent transport to the PACU. The transport distance was between 31 and 72 m. Risk factors for initial hypoxemia in the PACU, defined as peripheral oxygen saturation (S pO 2) below 90%, were determined using multivariate analysis. After splitting the dataset into patients without TM (group OM) and with TM (group MM) and propensity score matching, the influence of TM on initial S pO 2 and the Aldrete score after arrival in the PACU were examined.

          Results and discussion

          From a total of 22,638 complete datasets included in the analysis, 8 risk factors for initial hypoxemia in PACU were identified: age > 65 years, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), intraoperative airway driving pressure (∆p) > 15 mbar and positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) > 5 mbar, intraoperative administration of a long-acting opioids, first preoperative S pO 2 < 97%, and last S pO 2 < 97% measured after emergence from anesthesia before transport. At least 1 risk factor for postoperative hypoxemia was present in 90% of all patients. After propensity score matching, 3362 datasets per group remained for analysis of the influence of TM. Patients transported with TM revealed a higher S pO 2 at PACU arrival (MM 97% [94; 99%], OM 96% [94; 99%], p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, this difference between groups remained in the presence of one or more risk factors (MM 97% [94; 99%], OM 96% [94; 98%], p < 0.001, n = 6044) but was not detectable in the absence of risk factors for hypoxemia (MM 97% [97; 100%], OM 99% [97; 100%], p < 0.393, n = 680). Furthermore, the goal of an Aldrete score > 8 at PACU arrival was achieved significantly more often in monitored patients (MM 2830 [83%], OM: 2665 [81%], p = 0.004). Critical hypoxemia (S pO 2 < 90%) at PACU arrival had an overall low occurrence within propensity matched datasets and showed no difference between groups (MM: 161 [5%], OM 150 [5%], p = 0.755). According to these results, consistent use of TM leads to a higher S pO 2 and Aldrete score at PACU arrival, even after a short transport distance within an operating room area. Consequently, it appears to be reasonable to avoid unmonitored transport after general anesthesia, even for short distances.

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          Most cited references27

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          MatchIt: Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference

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            Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort.

            Current knowledge of the risk for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) rests on studies that narrowly selected patients and procedures. Hypothesizing that PPC occurrence could be predicted from a reduced set of perioperative variables, we aimed to develop a predictive index for a broad surgical population. Patients undergoing surgical procedures given general, neuraxial, or regional anesthesia in 59 hospitals were randomly selected for this prospective, multicenter study. The main outcome was the development of at least one of the following: respiratory infection, respiratory failure, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or aspiration pneumonitis. The cohort was randomly divided into a development subsample to construct a logistic regression model and a validation subsample. A PPC predictive index was constructed. Of 2,464 patients studied, 252 events were observed in 123 (5%). Thirty-day mortality was higher in patients with a PPC (19.5%; 95% [CI], 12.5-26.5%) than in those without a PPC (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8%). Regression modeling identified seven independent risk factors: low preoperative arterial oxygen saturation, acute respiratory infection during the previous month, age, preoperative anemia, upper abdominal or intrathoracic surgery, surgical duration of at least 2 h, and emergency surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 90% (95% CI, 85-94%) for the development subsample and 88% (95% CI, 84-93%) for the validation subsample. The risk index based on seven objective, easily assessed factors has excellent discriminative ability. The index can be used to assess individual risk of PPC and focus further research on measures to improve patient care.
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              Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification for noncardiothoracic surgery: systematic review for the American College of Physicians.

              The importance of clinical risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications and the value of preoperative testing to stratify risk are the subject of debate. To systematically review the literature on preoperative pulmonary risk stratification before noncardiothoracic surgery. MEDLINE search from 1 January 1980 through 30 June 2005 and hand search of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. English-language studies that reported the effect of patient- and procedure-related risk factors and laboratory predictors on postoperative pulmonary complication rates after noncardiothoracic surgery and that met predefined inclusion criteria. The authors used standardized abstraction instruments to extract data on study characteristics, hierarchy of research design, study quality, risk factors, and laboratory predictors. The authors determined random-effects pooled estimate odds ratios and, when appropriate, trim-and-fill estimates for patient- and procedure-related risk factors from studies that used multivariable analyses. They assigned summary strength of evidence scores for each factor. Good evidence supports patient-related risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications, including advanced age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 2 or higher, functional dependence, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure. Good evidence supports procedure-related risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications, including aortic aneurysm repair, nonresective thoracic surgery, abdominal surgery, neurosurgery, emergency surgery, general anesthesia, head and neck surgery, vascular surgery, and prolonged surgery. Among laboratory predictors, good evidence exists only for serum albumin level less than 30 g/L. Insufficient evidence supports preoperative spirometry as a tool to stratify risk. For certain risk factors and laboratory predictors, the literature provides only unadjusted estimates of risk. Prescreening, variable selection algorithms, and publication bias limited reporting of risk factors among studies using multivariable analysis. Selected clinical and laboratory factors allow risk stratification for postoperative pulmonary complications after noncardiothoracic surgery.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                katharina.haller@charite.de
                Journal
                Anaesthesiologie
                Anaesthesiologie
                Die Anaesthesiologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                2731-6858
                2731-6866
                9 June 2023
                9 June 2023
                2023
                : 72
                : 7
                : 488-497
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.6363.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2218 4662, Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, , Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, ; Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Deutschland
                Article
                1296
                10.1007/s00101-023-01296-y
                10322755
                37296345
                abb322d0-323e-443f-91a2-5fb72c3fd46d
                © The Author(s) 2023

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                History
                : 9 January 2023
                : 26 March 2023
                : 23 April 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (3093)
                Categories
                Originalien
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2023

                postoperative komplikationen,perioperatives risikomanagement,sauerstoff,patientensicherheit, pulsoxymetrie,postoperative complications,perioperative risk management,oxygen,patient safety,pulse oximetry

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