Harmonic and fundamental-frequency mode-locked operations in an Er-doped fiber laser using a Cr 2Si 2Te 6-based saturable absorber

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Abstract

In our work, Cr ₂Si ₂Te ₆, a novel two-dimensional (2D)-layered ferromagnetic insulator, was used as a saturable absorber (SA) for demonstrating a pulsed Er-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on its nonlinear saturable absorption properties. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the Cr ₂Si ₂Te ₆-based SA are 6.61% and 10.77 MW/cm ², respectively. When the pump power is 60.3 mW, the 13th harmonic mode-locked generation is obtained, the 3 dB optical spectrum bandwidth is 1.392 nm and the central wavelength is 1568.032 nm. When the pump power is higher than 170.3 mW, the EDFL works at the fundamental repetition frequency of 1.23 MHz with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB. The experimental results reveal that Cr ₂Si ₂Te ₆ SA has enormous potential in demonstrating ultrafast fiber lasers and provide references for future research based on Cr ₂Si ₂Te ₆ as ultrafast optical modulators.

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Ror2 signaling regulates Golgi structure and transport through IFT20 for tumor invasiveness

Michiru Nishita, Seung-Yeol Park, Tadashi Nishio … (2017)

Signaling through the Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes invadopodia formation for tumor invasion. Here, we identify intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) as a new target of this signaling in tumors that lack primary cilia, and find that IFT20 mediates the ability of Ror2 signaling to induce the invasiveness of these tumors. We also find that IFT20 regulates the nucleation of Golgi-derived microtubules by affecting the GM130-AKAP450 complex, which promotes Golgi ribbon formation in achieving polarized secretion for cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IFT20 promotes the efficiency of transport through the Golgi complex. These findings shed new insights into how Ror2 signaling promotes tumor invasiveness, and also advance the understanding of how Golgi structure and transport can be regulated.

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Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

Valentina Cappello, Laura Marchetti, Paola Parlanti … (2016)

Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lack of β- galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and by widespread accumulation of the cytotoxic galactosyl-sphingosine in neuronal, myelinating and endothelial cells. Despite the wide use of Twitcher mice as experimental model for KD, the ultrastructure of this model is partial and mainly addressing peripheral nerves. More details are requested to elucidate the basis of the motor defects, which are the first to appear during KD onset. Here we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to focus on the alterations produced by KD in the lower motor system at postnatal day 15 (P15), a nearly asymptomatic stage, and in the juvenile P30 mouse. We find mild effects on motorneuron soma, severe ones on sciatic nerves and very severe effects on nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions at P30, with peripheral damage being already detectable at P15. Finally, we find that the gastrocnemius muscle undergoes atrophy and structural changes that are independent of denervation at P15. Our data further characterize the ultrastructural analysis of the KD mouse model, and support recent theories of a dying-back mechanism for neuronal degeneration, which is independent of demyelination.