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      First-Ever Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rates in a Population-Based Study in Argentina

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          Abstract

          Epidemiological data about stroke are scarce in low- and middle-income Latin-American countries. We investigated annual incidence of first-ever stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 30-day case-fatality rates in a population-based setting in Tandil, Argentina.

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          Stroke incidence, prognosis, 30-day, and 1-year case fatality rates in Matão, Brazil: a population-based prospective study.

          Denise Minelli, Cesar Minelli, Lee Fen (2007)
          Stroke is the main cause of death in Brazil and no prospective population-based study has been conducted in the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of stroke, stroke subtypes, case fatality, and prognosis after 1 year of follow-up in the city of Matão, Brazil. Using overlapping methods of case ascertainment, all stroke cases that occurred in the city of Matão (population, 75,053) from November 1, 2003 to October 31, 2004 were followed-up at 1 month and 1 year after the episode. Standard criteria for population-based stroke studies were followed. Of 141 suspect stroke cases identified, 81 were first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes. All patients underwent a CT scan. The crude annual incidence rate per 100,000 per year was 108 (95% CI, 85.7-134.1) and the rate adjusted for sex and age to the Segi population was 137 (95% CI, 112.0 to 166.4) per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Ischemic stroke occurred in 69 (85.2%) subjects, intracerebral hemorrhage in 11 (13.6%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1 (1.2%). The 30-day case fatality rate was 18.5 and the 1-year case fatality rate was 30.9%. After 1 year of follow-up, 43% of the patients were independent in activities of daily living, 49.4% had independent gait, and 15.9% had a recurrent stroke. The present results are similar to those obtained in other stroke population-based studies. Future studies in Matão will provide the opportunity to discover ways to decrease the stroke burden in Brazil.
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            Trends in stroke incidence, mortality and case fatality rates in Joinville, Brazil: 1995–2006

            N Cabral, A Gonçalves, A L Longo … (2009)
            Background: Studying stroke rates in a whole community is a rational way to assess the quality of patient care and primary prevention. However, there are few studies of trends in stroke rates worldwide and none in Brazil. Objective: Established study methods were used to define the rates for first ever stroke in a defined population in Brazil compared with similar data obtained and published in 1995. Methods: All stroke cases occurring in the city of Joinville during 2005–2006 were prospectively ascertained. Crude incidence and mortality rates were determined, and age adjusted rates and 30 day case fatality were calculated and compared with the 1995 data. Results: Of the 1323 stroke cases registered, 759 were first ever strokes. The incidence rate per 100 000 was 105.4 (95% CI 98.0 to 113.2), mortality rate was 23.9 (95% CI 20.4 to 27.8) and the 30 day case fatality was 19.1%. Compared with the 1995 data, we found that the incidence had decreased by 27%, mortality decreased by 37% and the 30 day case fatality decreased by 28%. Conclusions: Using defined criteria we showed that in an industrial southern Brazilian city, stroke rates are similar to those from developed countries. A significant decrease in stroke rates over the past decade was also found, suggesting an improvement in primary prevention and inpatient care of stroke patients in Joinville.
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              Incidence, 30-day case-fatality rate, and prognosis of stroke in Iquique, Chile: a 2-year community-based prospective study (PISCIS project).

              Pablo Lavados, Claudio Sacks, Liliana Prina … (2015)
              The epidemiology of stroke in Latin-American populations and variation of subtypes between communities are unclear. Our aim was to ascertain prospectively the incidence of first-ever stroke in the predominantly Hispanic-Mestizo population of Iquique, a city in the northern desert region of Chile. We prospectively identified all possible cases of stroke and transient ischaemic attacks between July 1, 2000, and June 30, 2002, from several overlapping sources. Patients were rapidly assessed by two field neurologists. Standard definitions for incident cases, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, pathological type, and infarction subtype were used. All cases identified were adjudicated by at least two stroke neurologists and followed up at 6 months. Incidence rates of first-ever strokes were calculated from the population of Iquique (214 526) according to the national census of 2002. Of 380 cases of stroke identified, 292 were incident. CT scans were done in 267 (91%) patients and the mean time to scan was 2.2 days. The hospital admission rate was 71% (207/292). The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of first-ever stroke was 140.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 124.0-156.2). The incidence rates per 100,000 according to pathological type were: infarcts 87.3, intracerebral haemorrhage 27.6, and subarachnoid haemorrhage 6.2. The 30 day and 6-month case-fatality rates were 23.3% and 33.0%, respectively. Our results show incidence rates of stroke similar to those reported in other community studies. Although the proportion of intracerebral haemorrhages was higher than reported in previous studies, the overall incidence was not, which could indicate a slightly lower incidence of ischaemic strokes in this population than in other countries. The prognosis was similar to that found in other population-based studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Stroke
                Abbreviated Title: Stroke
                Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                ISSN (Print): 0039-2499
                ISSN (Electronic): 1524-4628
                Publication date Created: June 2016
                Publication date (Print): June 2016
                Volume: 47
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 1640-1642
                Affiliations
                [1 ]From the INECO Neurociencias Oroño, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina (M.C.B.); Hospital Santamarina, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.L.C., M.D.M., A.D., M.L.L., R.M., C.M., G.O., D.S., A.U.); Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, and London Heart & Brain Research Program, Western University, London, Ontario (P.M.R., L.A.S.); Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (L.E.C.); Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of...
                Article
                DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013637
                PubMed ID: 27217510
                SO-VID: ac9e0cbc-ed80-407a-aa87-462d0498c54a
                Copyright © © 2016
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