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      Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with valvular heart disease admitted to the emergency department Translated title: Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de portadores de doença valvar atendidos em unidade de pronto atendimento

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with valvular heart disease who arrived decompensated at the emergency department of a university hospital in Brazil.

          Methods:

          A descriptive analysis of clinical and echocardiographic data of 174 patients with severe valvular disease, who were clinically decompensated and went to the emergency department of a tertiary cardiology hospital, in the State of São Paulo, in 2009.

          Results:

          The mean age of participants was 56±17 years and 54% were female. The main cause of valve disease was rheumatic in 60%, followed by 15% of degenerative aortic disease and mitral valve prolapse in 13%. Mitral regurgitation (27.5%) was the most common isolated valve disease, followed by aortic stenosis (23%), aortic regurgitation (13%) and mitral stenosis (11%). In echocardiographic data, the mean left atrial diameter was 48±12mm, 38±12mm for the left ventricular systolic diameter, and 54±12mm for the diastolic diameter; the mean ejection fraction was 56±13%, and the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 53±16mmHg. Approximately half of patients (44%) presented atrial fibrillation, and over one third of them (37%) had already undergone another cardiac surgery.

          Conclusion:

          Despite increased comorbidities and age-dependent risk factors commonly described in patients with valvular heart disease, the clinical profile of patients arriving at the emergency department represented a cohort of rheumatic patients in more advanced stages of disease. These patients require priority care in high complexity specialized hospitals.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Avaliar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes com doença valvar que chegaram descompensados no pronto atendimento de um hospital universitário de referência nacional.

          Métodos:

          Análise descritiva de dados clínicos e ecocardiográficos de 174 pacientes consecutivos portadores de doença valvar grave, que apresentaram descompensação clínica e procuraram atendimento no pronto-socorro de um hospital terciário de cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2009.

          Resultados:

          Dos 174 pacientes avaliados, a média etária foi de 56±17 anos e 54% eram do gênero feminino. A principal etiologia da doença valvar foi a reumática (60%), seguida pela doença degenerativa aórtica (15%) e pelo prolapso mitral (13%). A valvopatia mais comumente observada de forma isolada foi a insuficiência mitral (27,5%), seguida por estenose aórtica (23%), insuficiência aórtica (13%) e estenose mitral (11%). Nos dados ecocardiográficos, a média do diâmetro do átrio esquerdo foi de 48±12mm, do ventrículo esquerdo na sístole foi de 38±12mm, e diástole foi de 54±12mm; a média da fração de ejeção foi de 56±13% e a pressão pulmonar média foi de 53±16mmHg. Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes (44%) estava em fibrilação atrial, e mais de um terço dos pacientes (37%) já havia sido submetido a outra cirurgia cardíaca.

          Conclusão:

          Apesar do aumento das comorbidades e dos fatores de risco idade dependentes comumente descritos nos portadores de cardiopatia valvar, o perfil clínico dos sujeitos que chegaram ao pronto atendimento representou uma coorte de pacientes reumáticos em estágios mais avançados de doença. Esses pacientes requerem atendimento prioritário em serviço especializado de alta complexidade.

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          Most cited references11

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          Prognostic and therapeutic implications of pulmonary hypertension complicating degenerative mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet: a multicenter long-term international study.

          To determine the frequency, predictors, and outcome implications of pulmonary hypertension (PH) diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with the homogenous diagnosis of degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) due to flail leaflets. The Mitral Regurgitation International DAtabase (MIDA) is a registry including patients with MR due to flail leaflets consecutively referred at tertiary centres in Europe and the USA. Between 1987 and 2004, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was measured at baseline by Doppler echocardiography in 437 patients (age 67 ± 11 years; 66% men). Pulmonary hypertension (PASP > 50 mmHg) was observed in 102 patients (23%). Independent predictors of PH were age and left atrial size (P < 0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 2.8 years, PH was a strong independent predictor of death [adjusted HR 2.03 (1.30-3.18) P = 0.002], cardiovascular death [CVD; adjusted HR 2.21 (1.30-3.76) P = 0.003], and heart failure [adjusted HR 1.70 (1.10-2.62) P = 0.018]. Mitral valve surgery at any time during follow-up (performed in 325 patients, 75%) was beneficial [adjusted HR for death 0.22 (0.14-0.36) P < 0.001], but PH was associated with the increased risk of postoperative death and CVD (P = 0.01). Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of significant MR due to flail leaflet and is associated with major outcome implications, approximately doubling the risk of death and heart failure after diagnosis. Mitral valve surgery performed during follow-up is beneficial but does not completely abolish the adverse effects of PH once it is established and is particularly beneficial in patients without PH. These data support relieving PH secondary to MR due to flail leaflet, but also careful consideration for mitral surgery before PH is established.
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            Continuing education and environment in the center of action.

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              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              [Brazilian Guidelines for Valve Disease - SBC 2011 / I Guideline Inter-American Valve Disease - 2011 SIAC].

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                eins
                Einstein
                Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein (Sao Paulo )
                1679-4508
                2317-6385
                Apr-Jun 2014
                Apr-Jun 2014
                : 12
                : 2
                : 154-158
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
                [2 ]Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Ricardo Casalino Sanches de Moraes – Unidade de Valvopatia Clínica, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 – Cerqueira César – CEP: 05403-900 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil – Phone: (55 11) 2661-5000 – E-mail: ricardo.moraes@ 123456einstein.br

                Conflict of interest: none.

                Article
                S1679-45082014AO3025
                10.1590/S1679-45082014AO3025
                4891155
                25003918
                accdde06-ab09-4e4b-9a88-564eb509ac62

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 November 2013
                : 16 April 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Original Article

                heart valve diseases/epidemiology,rheumatic fever/complications

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