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      Melatonin, a Pineal Hormone with Antioxidant Property, Protects against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

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          Abstract

          The present study investigated the effects of melatonin, an antioxidant, on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Melatonin (5 mg/kg p.o.) was used 3 days before and 8 days simultaneously with gentamicin (80 mg/kg i.p.) Saline-treated animals served as controls. Determinations of urinary creatinine, N-acetyl-β- D-glucosaminidase, glucose, protein, blood urea, serum creatinine, plasma and kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme levels in kidney tissue were done after 8 days of gentamicin treatment. The kidneys were also examined for morphological changes using histological techniques. Gentamicin caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in blood urea and serum creatinine. Mean blood urea and serum creatinine levels were 289 ± 50, and 2.5 ± 0.5 mg/dl, respectively, in rats treated with gentamicin. Melatonin significantly protected the rats from gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity; blood urea and serum creatinine levels were 23 ± 2.7 and 0.88 ± 0.19 mg/dl, respectively. The creatinine clearance was decreased with gentamicin treatment (0.048 ± 0.007 ml/min) as compared with controls (0.41 ± 0.08 ml/h/kg). In rats treated with melatonin plus gentamicin, the creatinine clearance was similar to controls (0.41 ± 0.08 ml/h/kg). The product of lipid peroxidation (MDA) was markedly increased in plasma (2.10 ± 0.15 nmol) and kidney tissue (8.87 ± 3.2 nmol/mg protein) with gentamicin treatment. Melatonin prevented the gentamicin-induced rise in plasma MDA (1.03 ± 0.27 nmol) and kidney tissue MDA (2.57 ± 0.87 nmol/mg protein). An increased excretion of urinary N-acetyl-β- D-glucosaminidase, glucose, and protein by gentamicin was also prevented by melatonin. Kidneys from gentamicin-treated rats showed tubular epithelial loss with intense granular degeneration involving more than 50% of renal cortex, while there were findings comparable to controls in melatonin plus gentamicin treated rats. The present study indicates that melatonin significantly protects against gentamicin-induced renal toxicity in Wistar rats.

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          Melatonin: an antioxidant protects against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity.

          Cyclosporine (CsA) causes a dose-related decrease in renal function in experimental animals. Different mediators for CsA nephrotoxicity have been suggested; oxygen free radicals are one of them. In experimental model of Wistar rats, the role of antioxidant melatonin (Mel), the main product of pineal secretion, was investigated in CsA nephrotoxicity.
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            Melatonin, a pineal hormone with antioxidant property, protects against adriamycin cardiomyopathy in rats

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              • Abstract: not found
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              Failure of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by vitamin E to protect against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the rat

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEF
                Nephron
                10.1159/issn.1660-8151
                Nephron
                S. Karger AG
                1660-8151
                2235-3186
                2000
                June 2000
                31 May 2000
                : 85
                : 2
                : 167-174
                Affiliations
                Central Research Laboratory, Departments of aClinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and bPathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
                Article
                45650 Nephron 2000;85:167–174
                10.1159/000045650
                10867523
                acf7524e-d1f5-4111-b9c5-821bcb1f7929
                © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, References: 58, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Nephrotoxicity,Gentamicin,Melatonin,Antioxidant
                Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Nephrotoxicity, Gentamicin, Melatonin, Antioxidant

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