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      Morphological variation in the skull of Nephelomys meridensis (Rodentia, Cricetidae): evidence for cryptic species in andean populations from northern South America

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The genus Nephelomys comprises at least 13 taxa with altitudinal distribution ranging from 900 to 4,000 meters above sea level. Three species are currently known to occur in Venezuela, but some authors suggest that two additional taxa are present in Venezuelan Andes populations and consider N. meridensis as a species complex. We conducted geometric morphometric analyses of skulls and jaws from populations assignable to the monotypic species N. meridensis from the Venezuelan Andes, in order to examine and compare morphological variations in this species. We compared four localities (including the type locality of N. meridensis) situated in northern, central, and western portions of Cordillera de Mérida and the Tamá páramo. We created morphological landmarks on dorsal, ventral, lateral, and jaw views of each skull using the tpsDIG software. Significant differences were found in skull shape and isometric size in most of the populations examined. The discrimination and morphological differentiation of some of these groups with respect to the population from the type locality (Mérida) were aligned with the results from multivariate and cytogenetic analyses carried out previously by other authors. Our data support recognizing N. meridensis as a species complex, comprising at least three still undescribed taxa from the Yacambú National Park (cordillera de Mérida), La Trampita (cordillera de Mérida) and the Tamá páramo (Tamá massif). A more detailed taxonomic study of Nephelomys from Venezuela, molecular and linear morphometric analyses, and revision of morphological characters, are necessary to describe potential new taxa and determine the geographical distribution of the species in this genus.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: El género Nephelomys contiene al menos 13 taxa con distribuciones altitudinales desde los 900 metros sobre el nivel del mar hasta 4,000. Actualmente, tres especies ocurren en Venezuela, pero algunos autores sugieren la existencia de dos taxa adicionales en los Andes venezolanos, considerando a la especie monotípica, N. meridensis como un complejo de especies. En este estudio, se usó morfometría geométrica para comparar la forma y tamaño del cráneo en poblaciones de roedores andinos de Venezuela, asignables a la especie monotípica, N. meridensis. Se compararon cuatro localidades de N. meridensis (incluyendo la localidad tipo), ubicadas en el norte, centro y oeste de la Cordillera de Mérida y en el Páramo El Tamá. Se colocaron hitos morfológicos en las vistas dorsal, ventral, lateral y mandíbula, empleando el programa tpsDIG. Nuestros datos mostraron diferencias significativas en el tamaño isométrico (tamaño centroide) y en la forma del cráneo para la mayoría de las poblaciones evaluadas, resaltando que para algunas, su discriminación y diferenciación morfológica con la población de la localidad tipo (Mérida), coincidió con resultados multivariados y citogenéticos previamente realizados por otros autores. El presente estudio corrobora que N. meridensis tiene que ser tratado como un complejo de especies, incluyendo al menos tres taxa no descritos, ubicados geográficamente en el Parque Nacional Yacambú (Cordillera de Mérida), La Trampita (Cordillera de Mérida) y Páramo El Tamá (Macizo El Tamá). Se plantea la necesidad de hacer un estudio taxonómico más detallado para Nephelomys de Venezuela en combinación con técnicas moleculares, morfometría lineal y revisión de caracteres morfológicos, entre otros; todo esto con el propósito de describir posiblemente nuevos taxa y delimitar la distribución geográfica de las especies del género.

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          The effect of the extent of the study region on GIS models of species geographic distributions and estimates of niche evolution: preliminary tests with montane rodents (genus Nephelomys) in Venezuela

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            Phylogenetic Relationships of Oryzomine Rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): Separate and Combined Analyses of Morphological and Molecular Data

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              Phylogeny of Neotropical oryzomyine rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) based on the nuclear IRBP exon.

              Sigmodontine rodents are the most diverse family-level mammalian clade in the Neotropical region, with about 70 genera and 320 recognized species. Partial sequences (1266 bp) from the first exon of the nuclear gene encoding the Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among 44 species representing all 16 currently recognized genera of the largest sigmodontine tribe, the Oryzomyini. Monophyly of the tribe was assessed relative to 15 non-oryzomyine sigmodontine taxa representing all major sigmodontine lineages. Twelve taxa from seven muroid subfamilies were used as outgroups. The resulting matrix included 71 taxa and 386 parsimony-informative characters. Phylogenetic analysis of this matrix resulted in 16 equally parsimonious cladograms, which contained the following well-supported groups: (i). a monophyletic Oryzomyini, (ii). a clade containing all oryzomyines except Scolomys and Zygodontomys, (iii). a clade containing Oecomys, Handleyomys, and several species of forest-dwelling Oryzomys, and (iv). a clade containing the remaining oryzomyine taxa. The last clade is composed of two large subclades, each with lower nodal support, containing the following taxa: (i). Microryzomys, Oligoryzomys, Neacomys, and Oryzomys balneator; (ii). Holochilus, Lundomys, Pseudoryzomys, Nectomys, Amphinectomys, Sigmodontomys, and several species of open-vegetation or semiaquatic Oryzomys. Regarding relationships among non-oryzomyine taxa, sigmodontines, neotomines, and tylomyines do not form a monophyletic group; a clade containing Rheomys and Sigmodon is basal relative to all other sigmodontines; and the remaining sigmodontines are grouped in three clades: the first containing Thomasomyini, Akodontini, and Reithrodon; the second containing Abrothrichini, and Phyllotini, plus Wiedomys, Juliomys, Irenomys, and Delomys; and the third containing the oryzomyines. No conflict is observed between IRBP results and previous robust hypotheses from mitochondrial data, while a single case of incongruence is present between the IRBP topology and robust hypothesis from morphological studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                therya
                Therya
                Therya
                Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A. C. (La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico )
                2007-3364
                2020
                : 11
                : 2
                : 193-202
                Affiliations
                [1] Bárbula orgnameUniversidad de Carabobo orgdiv1Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología orgdiv2Departamento de Biología, Venezuela cormura@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S2007-33642020000200193 S2007-3364(20)01100200193
                10.12933/therya-20-743
                aeb1fb5b-541b-4d31-9b5d-8f9fdc1ec5d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 February 2020
                : 14 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Articles

                species complex,Oryzomyini,Nephelomys albigularis group,geometric morphometrics,cranial morphology

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