Estimation of prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment

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Abstract

Background and Objectives:

Initial research has shown a positive correlation between the severity of periodontal disease (PD) and prostaglandin E ₂ (PGE ₂) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). However, there are no enough reports to correlate the PGE ₂ concentrations in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Hence, the present study is aimed to estimate the levels of PGE ₂ in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after periodontal therapy.

Materials and Methods:

A periodontal examination and collection of GCF by extracrevicular method was performed in 25 subjects selected randomly and categorized into three groups on the basis of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Group I (healthy) consists of 10 subjects, Group II (chronic periodontitis) consists of 15 patients and Group III (after treatment group) consists of 15 patients of Group II. PGE ₂ levels were estimated in GCF samples by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

All clinical parameters improved significantly after therapy ( P < 0.001). PGE ₂ was detected in all the samples. Highest mean PGE ₂ concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group II while the lowest concentrations were seen in Group I and Group III. Statistically significant difference was found between the levels of PGE ₂ at Group-II and Group-III ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

There is a substantial increase in the concentrations of PGE ₂ as PD progresses. Since PGE ₂ levels in GCF are positively correlated with gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depths and clinical attachment levels, PGE ₂ may be considered as a Novel Biomarker in PD progression. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.

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Most cited references 16

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Modulation of host PGE2 secretion as a determinant of periodontal disease expression.

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An increasing body of evidence supports the concept that host-produced PGE2 mediates much of the tissue destruction that occurs in periodontal disease. PGE2 levels within the crevicular fluid can serve as a static assessment of ongoing disease activity; i.e., rate of attachment loss and bone resorption. New insights into the mechanisms that regulate PGE2 synthesis provide an altered paradigm of periodontal disease which places the emphasis on host response, rather than the bacterial etiology, as the principal determinant of disease expression. We described a PGE2 host response model as a hypothetical framework to discuss new, possible explanations for host susceptibility to periodontal disease.

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The enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid has been shown to yield potent pathological agents by two major pathways. Those of the prostaglandin (PG) pathway, particularly PGE2, have been implicated as inflammatory mediators for many years. The discovery and biological activities of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin as well as a destructive oxygen-centered radical as additional products of this biosynthetic pathway now require these to be considered as potential inflammatory mediators. Like PGE2, their biosynthesis is prevented by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. More recently, the alternative metabolic route, the lipoxygenase pathway, has been shown to yield a new class of arachidonic acid oxygenation products, called the leukotrienes, which also appear to be important inflammatory mediators. Unlike the prostaglandins, some of which play important roles as biological regulators, the actions of the lipoxygenase products appear to be exclusively of a pathological nature.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Contemp Clin Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Contemp Clin Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): CCD

Title: Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 0976-237X

ISSN (Electronic): 0976-2361

Publication date (Print): Jul-Sep 2013

Volume: 4

Issue: 3

Pages: 303-306

Affiliations

[1] Department of Periodontics and Implantology, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tirupati, India

[1 ] Department of Periodontics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, India

[2 ] Department of Periodontics, St. Josephs Dental College, Eluru, India

[3 ] Department of Periodontics, Meghana Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Author notes

Correspondence: Dr. N. Ravindra Reddy, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tirupati - 517 506, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail: cksperiojp@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: CCD-4-303

DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.118354

PMC ID: 3793549

PubMed ID: 24124294

SO-VID: af583f8f-231c-45bd-8874-41c3b048a7d2

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.